Water intake by the developing seed activates gibberellin, which, in turn, activates amylase. Consequently, the amylase initiates the breakdown of starch, which stimulates the ____

• refer to the materials needed by the plants in small amounts.

• Refers to the male portion of the flower. It consists of anthers and filaments.

The opening and closing of stomata depends on the increase or decrease in the water potential of the guard cells. Thus, plants can regulate the amount of water vapor that is lost when the stomata of their leaves remain open,

is considered as a macromolecule since it is a common component of some amino acids like cysteine and methionine.

• __ refers to the directional response of plant parts to gravity.

is an important component of some enzymes. ___ deficiency can lead to browning of leaves and yellowing of the leaves.

This element is needed for chlorophyll synthesis.

• The male structure that produces and stores the pollen grains.

MONARCH BUTTERFLY

• This element is needed for the activation of enzymes needed for chlorophyll formation.

(flowering plants)

It consists of the female structures in flowers • (i.e., stigma, style, ovary) |

EUROPEAN STAG BEETLE

• The female structure in flowers that house the female gametes.

Composed of elongated tube-like structures placed end-to-end. These tubes transport sugars and nutrients.

is where the solutes cross the interconnected cytoplasm.

ATLAS MOTH

• is where the solutes move within the extracellular spaces.

involves an outgrowth or bud forming in the body of an adult. Eventually, it will detach to develop as a complete individual.

• a feature in some organisms that involves a rapid change from an immature larvae and juvenile to a sexually mature adult.

• Embryos are nourished by the placenta until the mother gives birt to live young.

• Contain the male gametophytes in angiosperms. • Each pollen grain consists of two sperm nuclei from the generative nucleus. • The tube nucleus will transport the sperm during pollination.

These elements are usually needed in the form of water and oxygen gas Water and oxygen are both necessary for photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

• This is needed for the synthesis of nucleic acids and phospholipids for the cell membrane of plant cells.

Growth changes due to the constant mechanical stimulus

• Water loss through the stem and leaves.

involves the development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg.

Plant anchors the plant and supports the leaves in exposing it to sunlight to make photosynthesis possible. The ___ includes stems, branches, and leaves.

is characterized by an aquatic juvenile stage

• Present in arthropods and mollusks.

• regulates nutrient transport and at the same time supports many enzyme functions.

The vascular tissues that are responsible for the transport of minerals and water from roots to other parts of the plants • It has two separate chambers: tracheids and vessels transporting minerals for and water.

• This is important in the regulation of stomatal opening and closing through the potassium ion pump.

Dissolved in the blood

• composed of modified sclerenchyma cells.

The primary sex cell that is fertilized is the egg nucleus or egg cell. • Only the polar nuclei and egg nucleus will have descendants in seeds. • Each ovule or embryo sac in the ovary of the flower consists of eight nuclei.

Ferns, Horsetails & Lycophytes • (spore-bearing vascular plants)

• The gastrovascular cavity of ___ is lined with specialized cells that use diffusion to distribute nutrients to other cells.

• a feature in some organisms that involves a rapid change from an immature larvae and juvenile to a sexually mature adult.

involves the splitting of the parent individual into two approximately equal halves.

• This element is needed for osmosis and ionic balance in plants.

• Green leaf-like structures that protect the structures in a flower bud.

Small structures within the ovary. Each of them contains an egg nucleus.

involves breaking body parts into fragments. Thereafter, each fragment will regenerate into fully functional individuals

This element is needed to form carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and other relevant compounds.

produces a diploid embryo and a triploid endosperm.

• This refers to the orientation of plants as a response to light. In most cases, plants grow towards a light source. This response may be positive or negative depending on whether plants orient themselves to or away from a light source.

• is characterized by a terrestrial juvenile stage.

poisonous to many herbivores usually to vertebrate species, usually cause stomach irritation and protein indigestion.

This element is needed for transforming nitrates into usable forms. This is needed for nitrogen fixation.

• Ability of the water to flow through narrow spaces in the xylem and phloem. • Collection of water and nutrients from the soil through the roots

• refer to the materials needed by the plants in larger amounts.

This is the primary vascular tissue needed for the transport of nutrients and food from roots to other growing parts of plants.

Induce tissue damage, serve as signals to attract other organisms that can target the herbivores.

are plants that store the product of photosynthesis in their roots.

The staminal structure that serves as the stalk of the anther.

• Present instead of blood. heart to vessels to tissue spaces.

is a process in which the plant absorbs water through roots and releases water vapor through the pores in the leaves.

• Present in earthworms, squids, & ocropuses. Blood is present in a ___ system.

• Eggs are laid and the embryo obtains its nourishment from the stored yolk nutrients.

The movement of sucrose in phloem is called __ where it moves from source to sink.

Can travel via porous cell walls but then must enter endodermal cells because of the Casparian strip. Apoplast (Through Cell Wall) Symplast (Through Cytoplasm)

is essential for proteins and nucleic acid synthesis.

• play a role in plant growth, cell expansion, and inducing cell division in various plant tissues.

• play a role in cell division. They also play a role in cell differentiation, aging, and the maintenance of meristems.

This element is relevant in carbohydrate transport in plants. ___ is also important in assisting metabolic regulation. Plants lacking __ often experience bud dieback.

• Contain metabolites that can be toxic to herbivores; examples include the plants from the family Apocynacee (e.g., yellow bell), with a highly toxic sap.

• This is common in fishes. The heart has a single atrium and a single ventricle. Ventricle sends blood unde pressure to the gills

growing against the direction of the pull of gravity.

Important anchoring and supporting the plant. It is responsible for absorbing water and minerals from the soil. The presence of its root hairs makes this absorption efficient.

used to detect or sense the presence of red light.

• Deactivate digestive enzymes in herbivores and cause indigestion in their gut.

This participates chlorophyll formation and at the same time, needed for the activation of many enzymes.

The ____ allows the continuous upward growth of the plant.

• plays a role in the ripening of fruits and in the growth and aging of plants. This hormone is also responsible for initiating various responses against stress.

form an opening between the cells to facilitate the free movement of water through the vessel.

Help in the release of other volatile compounds, phenols for defense, and cause various negative effects in the herbivore's digestive system.

• such as grasshoppers have an open circulatory system that hemolymph which is pumped by the heart into tissue spaces.

Embryos are nourished in eggs, which remain in the parent's body until they hatch.

• also promote growth and are notable in their role in the elongation of plant stems. They are also known to stimulate flower development and leaf senescence.

This response refers to how plants ise light to track time and trace emporal changes. Some plants sense that the appropriate light for the current season is present, so they will start to produce flowers.

is characterized by distinct larval and pupal stages.

• Allows plant parts to produce buds that can develop into new individuals.

• The colorful leaf-life structures in flowers that primarily attract pollinators.

Together with other micronutrients, ___ is essential maintaining the plant's for ionic balance.

• A genetic feature in dandelions, which therefore, allows them to produce viable seeds without undergoing pollination. • Allows the production of embryos from unfertilized eggs in ovules.

Hornworts, Liverworts & Mosses. (spore-bearing non-vascular plants)

Is a structure where the pollen grains must land during pollination.

• Contains vascular tissues for transporting water and other substances, attaches the stem to the rest of the leaf.

(cone-bearing plants)

• The stalk of the stigma that leads to the ovary. Within it is the pollen tube.

MOSQUITO

• Response to stimulus regardless of direction

(seed-bearing vascular plants)

The thickened portion below the ovary where floral structures grow.

growing like the direction of the pull of gravity.

• The stalk of the flower which provides support to all floral parts.

• Directional response of plants to mechanical stimuli.