(also referred to as "tail" or "tail assembly") is located at the rear of an aircraft and provides stability and control.

(i.e. the ability to fly in a straight line) is achieved through the horizontal and vertical stabilizers. These are airfoils and are aerodynamically similar to the wings

The horizontal stabilizer is located on top of the vertical stabilizer. This design provides better airflow through the horizontal stabilizer as it is not disturbed by the wings

Two slanted tail surfaces are used instead of three and these provide both horizontal and vertical stability and control via a ruddervator (a combination of a rudder and an elevator).

Two vertical stabilizers are mounted at the ends of the horizontal stabilizer.

(the horizontal stabilizer is placed in front of the wing). An example of this design is the Saab Viggen

(horizontal stabilization and control is done via the wing) which often includes a vertical stabilizer. An example of this design is the Dassault Mirage 2000.

is used to provide longitudinal pitch stability to the aircraft and is usually attached to the aft portion of the fuselage

for an airplane is the airfoil section forward of the rudder; it is used to provide longitudinal (yaw) stability for the aircraft. This unit is commonly called the fin.

Primary Control Surfaces:

Secondary Control Surfaces

are a primary flight control surface which control movement about the longitudinal axis of an aircraft. This movement is referred to as "roll".

Is a control surface on the tail of an aircraft that is used to control its pitch, or its up and down motion.

is primarily responsible for controlling the aircraft's yaw, which is its side-to-side motion or rotation around the vertical axis.

are hinged surfaces on the trailing edge of the wing.

are movable leading-edge devices found on some aircraft.

are panels on the wing that can be raised into the airflow to reduce lift and increase drag.

are small adjustable surfaces on the primary flight control surfaces, such as ailerons, elevator, and rudder.

is attached to the airframe so that it is held in a fixed position.

is carried partially or completely inside the airframe structure to reduce drag.

is used to enclose the engine in a streamlined housing to improve the aerodynamics of the aircraft, to support and protect the engine and its components, and to direct airflow into the engine for cooling and combustion its components, and to direct airflow into the engine for cooling and combustion and away from the engine for proper exhaust outflow.

is used to protect the nacelle strut (pylon) and systems from exposure to high temperature and fire damage.

is a frame that supports the engine and attaches it to the fuselage or nacelle.

may be made from a nonmetallic material, such as phenolic, or a metallic material, such as soft aluminum.

are installed where cables (or rods) move through pressure bulkheads.

is pressed against the cable to form the offset. Several manufacturers make a variety of tensiometers, each type designed for different kinds of cable, cable sizes, and cable tensions.

is a mechanical screw device consisting of two threaded terminals and a threaded barrel.

With a control cable properly rigged, the flight control should hit its stops at both extremes prior to the flight deck control.

are used as links in the flight control system to give push-pull motion. They may be adjusted at one or both ends.

are used primarily in trim tab systems.

are used to guide cables and also to change the direction of cable movement.

are sealed and need no lubrication other than the lubrication done at the factory.