classified based on particle size

ice/glaciers turns to water vapor

the quality and intensity of reflected light exhibited by the mineral

<45% silica; generally very dark colored; composed mainly of olivine and pyroxene which are the major constituents of the upper mantle.

these are rocks that are formed at or near the surface of the Earth.

the external shape of a crystal or group of crystals is displayed/obserced as these crystals grow in open spaces

Organisms use light or chemical energy to run their life processes.

How many Argon are there in Earth?

remains and traces of plants and animals that preserved in rocks

where airplanes, clouds, and mountains are located

outer space, highest layer of the atmosphere

The primary driving mechanism is the Earth's internal heat, such as that in mantle convection

half the Earth's size

traps heat, shields the surface from harmful radiation, and provides chemicals needed for life, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

The hardest mineral

4 characteristics of minerals

the mineral's color in powdered form

Influences how quickly atoms and molecules move.

aggregate of minerals.

nearest planet from the Sun

habitable planet

formed during the crystallization of the magma.

is a measure of the resistance of a mineral (not specifically surface) to abrasion.

How many percent of Earth's water is FRESH?

the softest mineral

aggregate of minerals

turns back into liquid water

property of some minerals to break along specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces

the ozone layer located here

Used to build and maintain an organism's body.

Exhibit broken surfaces that are irregular and non-planar

An evaporation and precipitation from solution or lithificatiom of organic matter

What makes living things survive in Earth?

the result of a change in grain size and composition

Twin planet of Earth

vitreous(glassy), adamantine(brillian/diamond-like) resinous, silky, pearly, dull, greasy

Molten rock material can solidify below the surface of the earth

occurs when a pre-existing rock get in contact with magma which is fhe source of heat

called granitic; >65% silica, generally light-colored.

It is the natural shape of the mineral before the development of any cleavage or fracture

creates foliated metamorphic rock

The thin gaseous layer that envelopes the lithosphere.

liquid to gas

It is formed below the surface of the earth through the process of metamorphism

It creates a non-foliated metamorphic rocks

the set of all life forms on Earth.

a texture formed by fast cooling

where meteors are located and burn up

occurs in areas taht have undergone considerable amount of mechanical deformation and chemical recyrstallization

water vapor of the plants turns into gas

How many percent of the earth is covered with liquiz water?

rocks that are formed from the solidification of molten rock material

Rotational speed of what is extremely slow.

q texture formed by slowly cooling ofarge crystals

One of the most important processes by which the heat on the Earth's surface is redistributed

water droplets

includes the rocks of the crust and mantle, the metallic liquid outer core, and the solid metallic inner core

measures the scratch resistance of various minerals from a scale of 1-10

Molten rock material can solidify at the surface of the Earth

flows into rivers and surface of the earth

water absorbed into the ground

the ratio of the density of te mineral and the density of water

hottest layer of the atmosphere (southern light)

t covers all ecosystems—from the soil to the rainforest, from mangroves to coral reefs, and from the plankton-rich ocean surface to the deep sea.

generally opaque and exhibit a resplendent shine similae to a polished material