Other term for environmental technology

It involves manipulation of molecules like RNA, DNA and PROTEINS

encompasses a broad range of innovations and practices that aim to address environmental challenges and promote sustainability

convert sunlight into electricity.

harness the kinetic energy of the wind to generate electricity.

use flowing water to generate electricity.

like wood, crop residues, and waste are converted into energy through combustion or biofuel production.

refers to the entire collection of viruses that exist within a particular ecosystem or environment.

At the time of writing, only about _____% to _____% of microorganisms have been cultured.

focuses on the study of biological processes at the molecular level.

is used to amplify a specific DNA sequence. It is essential for DNA cloning, sequencing, and various molecular biology applications.

It plays a crucial role in organizing, analyzing, and interpreting large volumes of biological information, such as DNA sequences, protein structures, and gene expression data.

are powerful tools used in molecular biology and genomics to simultaneously analyze the expression levels of thousands of genes or other nucleic acid sequences in a single experiment.

is the study of the genomes of whole communities of microscopic life forms.

Scope: focuses on the genetic material found in entire communities of microorganisms

Sample type: involves the analysis of DNA extracted from environmental samples

Research Goal: to assess the genetic diversity, community structure, and functional potential of entire microbial communities in various environments.

Scope: deals with the study of the genetic material (DNA) of individual organisms.

Sample type: involves the analysis of DNA from a specific organism

Research Goal: include understanding the inheritance of traits, identifying specific genes responsible for certain traits or diseases, and studying the molecular mechanisms underlying genetic processes in a single organism.

is a microbiological technique used to selectively cultivate specific microorganisms from complex environmental samples.

It is used to to study the metabolic activities and identities of microorganisms within complex microbial communities.

The first step in SIP involves introducing a specific isotopically labeled compound into the environment or experimental system.

Microorganisms in the environment take up and metabolize the isotopically labeled compound if it is a source of nutrients or energy for them.

At various time points after the addition of the labeled compound, samples of the microbial community are collected.

At various time points after the addition of the labeled compound, samples of the microbial community are collected. Adding _____

During this process, the samples are layered on top of a heavy isotope solution and centrifuged. As the centrifuge spins, molecules with different densities will separate along the gradient.

It is a technique used in immunology and molecular biology to specifically capture and isolate a target molecule, typically a protein, from a complex mixture.

is a molecular biology technique used to identify and study the activity of specific microorganisms within complex microbial communities by tracking the incorporation of stable isotopes into their RNA molecules.

It is a molecular biology technique used to selectively enrich and identify differentially expressed genes between two distinct RNA populations, typically representing a "tester" sample and a "driver" sample.

Contaminated sources

Non contaminated sources

SSH begins with the isolation of RNA (or DNA) from two different sources or conditions of interest.

Complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized from the RNA in both the tester and driver populations.

can be done using reverse transcription, and each cDNA population is labeled with different adaptors or linkers.

cDNA synthesis can be done using ___________, and each cDNA population is labeled with different adaptors or linkers.

The tester cDNA is divided into two parts. One part is left unmodified, while the other part is subjected to a suppression step, where it is made less abundant by hybridizing it with an excess of driver cDNA.