분자세포생물학

141問 • 1年前

問題一覧

Microscopic organism that is a member of one of the two divisions of prokaryotes; often found in hostile environments such as hot springs or concentrated brine.

Archaeon

Microscopic organism that is a member of one of the two divisions of prokaryotes; some species cause disease. The term is sometimes used to refer to any prokaryotic microorganisms, although the world of prokaryotes also includes archaea, which are only distantly related to each other.

Bacterium

The basic unit from which a living organism is made; an aqueous solution of chemicals, enclosed by a membrane, that has an ability to self-replicate.

Cell

Specialized organelle in algae and plants that contains chlorophyll and serves as the site for photosynthesis.

Chloroplast

Long, threadlike structure composed of DNA and proteins that carries the genetic information of an organism; becomes visible as a distinct entity when a plant or animal cell prepares to divide.

Chromosome

Contents of a cell that are contained within its plasma membrane but, in the case of eukaryotic cells, outside the nucleus.

Cytoplasm

System of protein filaments in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell shape and the capacity for directed movement. Its most abundant components are actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.

Cytoskeleton

Contents of the main compartment of the cytoplasm, excluding membrane-enclosed organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. The cell fraction remaining after membranes, cytoskeletal components, and other organelles have been removed.

Cytosol

Double-stranded polynucleotide formed from two separate chains of covalently linked deoxyribonucleotide units. It serves as the cell’s store of genetic information that is transmitted from generation to generation.

DNA

Instrument that illuminates a specimen using beams of electrons to reveal and magnify the structure of very small objects, such as organelles and large molecules.

Electron Microscope

Labyrinthine membrane-enclosed compartment in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells where lipids and proteins are made.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

An organism whose cells have a distinct nucleus and cytoplasm.

Eukaryote

Process of gradual modification and adaptation that occurs in living organisms over generations.

Evolution

Instrument used to visualize a specimen that has been labled with a fluorescent dye; samples are illuminated with a wavelength of light that excites the dye, causing it to fluoresce.

Fluorescence Microscope

The total genetic information carried by all the chromosomes of a cell or organism; in humans, the total number of nucleotide pairs in the 22 autosomes plus the X and Y chromosomes.

Genome

Membrane-enclosed organelle in eukaryotic cells that modifies the proteins and lipids made in the endoplasmic reticulum and sorts them for transport to other sites.

Golgi Apparatus

Describes genes, chromosomes, or any structures that are similar because of their common evolutionary origin. Can also refer to similarities between protein sequences or nucleic acid sequences.

Homologous

Unit of length equal to one millionth (10–6) of a meter or 10–4 centimeter.

Micrometer

Instrument for viewing extremely small objects. Some use a focused beam of visible light and are used to examine cells and organelles. Others use a beam of electrons and can be used to examine objects as small as individual molecules.

Microscope

Membrane-enclosed organelle, about the size of a bacterium, that carries out oxidative phosphorylation and produces most of the ATP in eukaryotic cells.

Mitochondrion

In biology, refers to the prominent, rounded structure that contains the DNA of a eukaryotic cell. In chemistry, refers to the dense, positively charged center of an atom.

Nucleus

A living thing selected for intensive study as a representative of a large group of species. Examples include the mouse(representing mammals), the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Model Organism

A discrete structure of subcompartment of a eukaryotic cell that is specialized to carry out a particular function. Examples include mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus.

Organelle

The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use the energy of sunlight to drive the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.

Photosynthesis

The protein-containing lipid bilayer that surrounds a living cell.

Plasma Membrane

Major category of living cells distinguished by the absence of a nucleus; includes the archaea and the eubacteria(commonly called bacteria).

Prokaryote

Macromolecule built from amino acids that provides cells with their shape and structure and performs most of their activities.

Protein

A free-living, nonphotosynthetic, single-celled, motile eukaryote.

Protozoan

Large macromolecular complex, composed of rnas and proteins, that translates a messenger RNA into a polypeptide chain.

Ribosome

Molecule produced by the transcription of DNA; usually single-stranded, it is a polynucleotide composed of covalently linked ribonucleotide subunits. Serves as variety of informational, structural, catalytic, and regulatory functions in cells.

RNA

A molecule that releases a proton when dissolved in water; this dissociation generates hydronium (H3O+) ions, thereby lowering the ph.

Acid

Small organic molecule containing both an amino group and a carboxyl group; it serves as the building block of proteins.

Amino Acid

The smallest particle of an element that still retains its distinctive chemical properties; consist of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.

Atom

The mass of an atom relative to the mass of a hydrogen atom; equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons that the atom contains.

Atomic Weight

Activated carrier that serves as the principal carrier of energy in cells; a nucleoside triphosphate composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.

ATP

The number of molecules in a mole, the quantity of a substance equal to its molecular weight in grams; approximately 6 x 10^23.

Avogadro's Number

Molecule that accepts a proton when dissolved in water; also used to refer to the nitrogen containing purines or pyrimidines in DNA and RNA.

Base

Mixture of weak acids and bases that maintains the pH of a solution by releasing anf taking up protons.

Buffer

A sharing or transfer of electrons that holds two atoms together.

Chemical Bond

A combination of atoms, such as a hydroxyl group (-OH) or an amino group (-NH2), with distinct chemical and physical properties that influence the behavior of the molecule in which it resides.

Chemical Group

Chemical reaction in which a covalent bond is formed between two molecules as water is expelled; used to build polymers, such as proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids.

Condensation Reaction

Precise, three-dimensional shape of a protein or other macromolecule, based on spatial location of its atoms in relation to one another.

Conformation

Stable chemical link between two atoms produced by sharing one or more pairs of electrons.

Covalent Bond

Negatively charged subatomic particle that occupies space around an atomic nucleus (e–).

Electron

The tendency of an atom to attract electrons.

Electonegativity

Force that draws together oppositely charged atoms. Examples include ionic bonds and the attractions between molecules containing polar covalent bonds.

Electostatic Attraction

Molecule that consists of a carboxylic acid attached to a long hydrocarbon chain. Used as a major source of energy during metabolism and as a starting point for the synthesis of phospholipids.

Fatty Acid

A weak noncovalent interaction between a positively charged hydrogen atom in one molecule and a negatively charged atom, such as nitrogen or oxygen, in another.

Hydrogen Bond

Chemical reaction that involves cleavage of a covalent bond with the accompanying consumption of water (its –H being added to one product of the cleavage and its –OH to the other); the reverse of a condensation reaction.

Hydrolysis

The form taken by a proton (H+) in aqueous solution.

Hydronium Ion

Molecule or part of a molecule that readily forms hydrogen bonds with water, allowing it to readily dissolve; literally, “water loving.”

Hydrophilic

Nonpolar, uncharged molecule or part of a molecule that forms no hydrogen bonds with water molecules and therefore does not dissolve; literally, “water fearing.”

Hydrophobic

A noncovalent interaction that forces together the hydrophobic portions of dissolved molecules to minimize their disruption of the hydrogen-bonded network of water; causes membrane phospholipids to self-assemble into a bilayer and helps to fold proteins into a compact, globular shape.

Hydrophobic Force

Not composed of carbon atoms.

Inorganic

An atom carrying an electrical charge, either positive or negative.

Ion

Interaction formed when one atom donates electrons to another; this transfer of electrons causes both atoms to become electrically charged.

Ionic Bond

An organic molecule that is insoluble in water but dissolves readily in nonpolar organic solvents; typically contains long hydrocarbon chains or multiple rings. One class, the phospholipids, forms the structural basis for biological membranes.

Lipid

Thin pair of closely juxtaposed sheets, composed mainly of phospholipid molecules, that forms the structural basis for all cell membranes.

Lipid Bilayer

Polymer built form covalently linked subunits; includes proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides, with a molecular mass greater than a few thousand daltons.

Macromolecule

Sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule; as a ration of molecular masses, it is a number without units.

Molecular Weight

Group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds.

Molecule

Small molecule that can be linked to others of a similar type to form a larger molecule (polymer).

Monomer

Chemical association that does not involve the sharing of electrons; singly they are relatively weak, but they can sum together to produce strong, highly specific interactions between molecules. Examples are hydrogen bonds and van der Waals attractions.

Noncovalent Bond

Basic building block of the nucleic acids, DNA and RNA; a nucleoside linked to a phosphate.

Nucleotide

Chemical compound that contains carbon and hydrogen.

Organic Molecule

Concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, expressed as a logarithm.

pH Scale

In chemistry, describes a molecule or bond in which electrons are distributed unevenly.

Polar

Long molecule made by covalently linking multiple identical or similar subunits (monomers).

Polymer

Positively charged particle found in the nucleus of every atom; also, another name for a hydrogen ion (H+).

Proton

The linear order of monomers in a large molecule—for example, amino acids in a protein or nucleotides in DNA; encodes information that specifies a macromolecule’s precise biological function.

Sequence

A monomer that forms part of a larger molecule, such as an amino acid residue in a protein or a nucleotide residue in a nucleic acid. Can also refer to a complete molecule that forms part of a larger molecule.

Subunit

A substance made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with the general formula (CH2O)n. A carbohydrate or saccharide.

Sugar

Weak noncovalent interaction, due to fluctuating electrical charges, that comes into play between two atoms within a short distance of each other.

Van der Waals Attraction

Region on the surface of an enzyme that binds to a substrate molecule and catalyzes its chemical transformation.

Active Site

Describes a protein that can exist in multiple conformations depending on the binding of a molecule (ligand) at a site other than the catalytic site; such changes from one conformation to another often alter the protein’s activity or ligand affinity.

Allosteric

Folding pattern, common in many proteins, in which a single polypeptide chain twists around itself to form a rigid cylinder stabilized by hydrogen bonds between every fourth amino acid.

Alpha Helix

The order of the amino acid subunits in a protein chain. Sometimes called the primary structure of a protein.

Amino Acid Sequence

Protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to a foreign molecule or invading organism. Binds to the foreign molecule or cell extremely tightly, thereby inactivating it or marking it for destruction.

Antibody

Molecule or fragment of a molecule that is recognized by an antibody.

Antigen

Folding pattern found in many proteins in which neighboring regions of the polypeptide chain associate side-by-side with each other through hydrogen bonds to give a rigid, flattened structure.

Beta Sheet

Region on the surface of a protein, typically a cavity or groove, that interacts with another molecule (a ligand) through the formation of multiple noncovalent bonds.

Binding Site

The end of a polypeptide chain that carries a free carboxyl group (–COOH).

C-terminus

Technique used to separate the individual molecules in a complex mixture on the basis of their size, charge, or their ability to bind to a particular chemical group. In a common form of the technique, the mixture is run through a column filled with a material that binds the desired molecule, and it is then eluted from the column with a solvent gradient.

Chromatography

Small molecule that binds tightly to an enzyme and helps it to catalyze a reaction.

Coenzyme

Technique for observing the detailed structure of a macromolecule at very low temperatures after freezing native structures in ice.

Cryoelectron Microscopy

Covalent cross-link formed between the sulfhydryl groups on two cysteine side chains; often used to reinforce a secreted protein’s structure or to join two different proteins together.

Disulfide Bond

Technique for separating a mixture of proteins or DNA fragments by placing them on a polymer gel and subjecting them to an electric field. The molecules migrate through the gel at different speeds depending on their size and net charge.

Electrophoresis

A protein that catalyzes a specific chemical reaction.

Enzyme

A form of metabolic control in which the end product of a chain of enzymatic reactions reduces the activity of an enzyme early in the pathway.

Feedback Inhibition

A protein with an elongated, rodlike shape, such as collagen or a keratin filament.

Fibrous Protein

Any protein in which the polypeptide chain folds into a compact, rounded shape. Includes most enzymes.

Globular Protein

Intracellular signaling protein whose activity is determined by its association with either GTP or GDP. Includes both trimeric G proteins and monomeric GTPases, such as Ras.

GTP-binding Protein

An elongated structure whose subunits twist in a regular fashion around a central axis, like a spiral staircase.

Helix

A large aggregate of phase-separated macromolecules that creates a region with a special biochemistry without the use of an encapsulating membrane.

Intracellular Condensate

Region in a polypeptide chain that lacks a definite structure.

Intrinsically Disordered Sequence

General term for a small molecule that binds to a specific site on a macromolecule.

Ligand

Enzyme that severs the polysaccharide chains that form the cell walls of bacteria; found in many secretions including saliva and tears, where it serves as an antibiotic.

Lysozyme

Sensitive technique that enables the determination of the exact mass of all of the molecules in a complex mixture.

Mass Spectrometry

The concentration of substrate at which an enzyme works at half its maximum velocity; serves as a measure of how tightly the substrate is bound.

Michaelis Constant

100

Protein such as myosin or kinesin that uses energy derived from the hydrolysis of a tightly bound ATP molecule to propel itself along a protein filament or polymeric molecule.

Motor Protein

가정2

가정2

기말1

기말1

기말3

기말3

기말2

ユーザ名非公開 · 100問 · 1ヶ月前

기말2

02. 해수의 특성

02. 해수의 특성

물질의 특성

물질의 특성

<경기>생태복원공사

<경기>생태복원공사

필답

필답

<경기>충해관리

<경기>충해관리

<경기>환경조사분석

<경기>환경조사분석

과학(지구과학 파트)

과학(지구과학 파트)

주제별단어2-2

주제별단어2-2

주제별단어2-1

ユーザ名非公開 · 100問 · 6ヶ月前

주제별단어2-1

[조리원리] 유지류

[조리원리] 유지류

모의고사 34번

모의고사 34번

역사쪽지시험 3학년

역사쪽지시험 3학년

제5장. 벼의 품종

제5장. 벼의 품종

제14장. 결실과 노화

제14장. 결실과 노화

생명공학기술 교과서 (4단원 식물생명공학의 이용)

ユーザ名非公開 · 22問 · 9ヶ月前

생명공학기술 교과서 (4단원 식물생명공학의 이용)

22問 • 9ヶ月前

ユーザ名非公開

생명공학기술 교과서 (2단원 생명공학의 기초~3단원 조직배양의 기초)

ユーザ名非公開 · 82問 · 9ヶ月前

생명공학기술 교과서 (2단원 생명공학의 기초~3단원 조직배양의 기초)

82問 • 9ヶ月前

ユーザ名非公開

問題一覧

Microscopic organism that is a member of one of the two divisions of prokaryotes; often found in hostile environments such as hot springs or concentrated brine.

Archaeon

Bacterium

The basic unit from which a living organism is made; an aqueous solution of chemicals, enclosed by a membrane, that has an ability to self-replicate.

Cell

Specialized organelle in algae and plants that contains chlorophyll and serves as the site for photosynthesis.

Chloroplast

Long, threadlike structure composed of DNA and proteins that carries the genetic information of an organism; becomes visible as a distinct entity when a plant or animal cell prepares to divide.

Chromosome

Contents of a cell that are contained within its plasma membrane but, in the case of eukaryotic cells, outside the nucleus.

Cytoplasm

Cytoskeleton

Cytosol

DNA

Instrument that illuminates a specimen using beams of electrons to reveal and magnify the structure of very small objects, such as organelles and large molecules.

Electron Microscope

Labyrinthine membrane-enclosed compartment in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells where lipids and proteins are made.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

An organism whose cells have a distinct nucleus and cytoplasm.

Eukaryote

Process of gradual modification and adaptation that occurs in living organisms over generations.

Evolution

Instrument used to visualize a specimen that has been labled with a fluorescent dye; samples are illuminated with a wavelength of light that excites the dye, causing it to fluoresce.

Fluorescence Microscope

The total genetic information carried by all the chromosomes of a cell or organism; in humans, the total number of nucleotide pairs in the 22 autosomes plus the X and Y chromosomes.

Genome

Membrane-enclosed organelle in eukaryotic cells that modifies the proteins and lipids made in the endoplasmic reticulum and sorts them for transport to other sites.

Golgi Apparatus

Describes genes, chromosomes, or any structures that are similar because of their common evolutionary origin. Can also refer to similarities between protein sequences or nucleic acid sequences.

Homologous

Unit of length equal to one millionth (10–6) of a meter or 10–4 centimeter.

Micrometer

Microscope

Membrane-enclosed organelle, about the size of a bacterium, that carries out oxidative phosphorylation and produces most of the ATP in eukaryotic cells.

Mitochondrion

In biology, refers to the prominent, rounded structure that contains the DNA of a eukaryotic cell. In chemistry, refers to the dense, positively charged center of an atom.

Nucleus

A living thing selected for intensive study as a representative of a large group of species. Examples include the mouse(representing mammals), the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Model Organism

A discrete structure of subcompartment of a eukaryotic cell that is specialized to carry out a particular function. Examples include mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus.

Organelle

The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use the energy of sunlight to drive the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.

Photosynthesis

The protein-containing lipid bilayer that surrounds a living cell.

Plasma Membrane

Major category of living cells distinguished by the absence of a nucleus; includes the archaea and the eubacteria(commonly called bacteria).

Prokaryote

Macromolecule built from amino acids that provides cells with their shape and structure and performs most of their activities.

Protein

A free-living, nonphotosynthetic, single-celled, motile eukaryote.

Protozoan

Large macromolecular complex, composed of rnas and proteins, that translates a messenger RNA into a polypeptide chain.

Ribosome

RNA

A molecule that releases a proton when dissolved in water; this dissociation generates hydronium (H3O+) ions, thereby lowering the ph.

Acid

Small organic molecule containing both an amino group and a carboxyl group; it serves as the building block of proteins.

Amino Acid

The smallest particle of an element that still retains its distinctive chemical properties; consist of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.

Atom

The mass of an atom relative to the mass of a hydrogen atom; equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons that the atom contains.

Atomic Weight

Activated carrier that serves as the principal carrier of energy in cells; a nucleoside triphosphate composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.

ATP

The number of molecules in a mole, the quantity of a substance equal to its molecular weight in grams; approximately 6 x 10^23.

Avogadro's Number

Molecule that accepts a proton when dissolved in water; also used to refer to the nitrogen containing purines or pyrimidines in DNA and RNA.

Base

Mixture of weak acids and bases that maintains the pH of a solution by releasing anf taking up protons.

Buffer

A sharing or transfer of electrons that holds two atoms together.

Chemical Bond

A combination of atoms, such as a hydroxyl group (-OH) or an amino group (-NH2), with distinct chemical and physical properties that influence the behavior of the molecule in which it resides.

Chemical Group

Chemical reaction in which a covalent bond is formed between two molecules as water is expelled; used to build polymers, such as proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids.

Condensation Reaction

Precise, three-dimensional shape of a protein or other macromolecule, based on spatial location of its atoms in relation to one another.

Conformation

Stable chemical link between two atoms produced by sharing one or more pairs of electrons.

Covalent Bond

Negatively charged subatomic particle that occupies space around an atomic nucleus (e–).

Electron

The tendency of an atom to attract electrons.

Electonegativity

Force that draws together oppositely charged atoms. Examples include ionic bonds and the attractions between molecules containing polar covalent bonds.

Electostatic Attraction

Molecule that consists of a carboxylic acid attached to a long hydrocarbon chain. Used as a major source of energy during metabolism and as a starting point for the synthesis of phospholipids.

Fatty Acid

A weak noncovalent interaction between a positively charged hydrogen atom in one molecule and a negatively charged atom, such as nitrogen or oxygen, in another.

Hydrogen Bond

Hydrolysis

The form taken by a proton (H+) in aqueous solution.

Hydronium Ion

Molecule or part of a molecule that readily forms hydrogen bonds with water, allowing it to readily dissolve; literally, “water loving.”

Hydrophilic

Nonpolar, uncharged molecule or part of a molecule that forms no hydrogen bonds with water molecules and therefore does not dissolve; literally, “water fearing.”

Hydrophobic

Hydrophobic Force

Not composed of carbon atoms.

Inorganic

An atom carrying an electrical charge, either positive or negative.

Ion

Interaction formed when one atom donates electrons to another; this transfer of electrons causes both atoms to become electrically charged.

Ionic Bond

Lipid

Thin pair of closely juxtaposed sheets, composed mainly of phospholipid molecules, that forms the structural basis for all cell membranes.

Lipid Bilayer

Polymer built form covalently linked subunits; includes proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides, with a molecular mass greater than a few thousand daltons.

Macromolecule

Sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule; as a ration of molecular masses, it is a number without units.

Molecular Weight

Group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds.

Molecule

Small molecule that can be linked to others of a similar type to form a larger molecule (polymer).

Monomer

Noncovalent Bond

Basic building block of the nucleic acids, DNA and RNA; a nucleoside linked to a phosphate.

Nucleotide

Chemical compound that contains carbon and hydrogen.

Organic Molecule

Concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, expressed as a logarithm.

pH Scale

In chemistry, describes a molecule or bond in which electrons are distributed unevenly.

Polar

Long molecule made by covalently linking multiple identical or similar subunits (monomers).

Polymer

Positively charged particle found in the nucleus of every atom; also, another name for a hydrogen ion (H+).

Proton

The linear order of monomers in a large molecule—for example, amino acids in a protein or nucleotides in DNA; encodes information that specifies a macromolecule’s precise biological function.

Sequence

Subunit

A substance made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with the general formula (CH2O)n. A carbohydrate or saccharide.

Sugar

Weak noncovalent interaction, due to fluctuating electrical charges, that comes into play between two atoms within a short distance of each other.

Van der Waals Attraction

Region on the surface of an enzyme that binds to a substrate molecule and catalyzes its chemical transformation.

Active Site

Allosteric

Folding pattern, common in many proteins, in which a single polypeptide chain twists around itself to form a rigid cylinder stabilized by hydrogen bonds between every fourth amino acid.

Alpha Helix

The order of the amino acid subunits in a protein chain. Sometimes called the primary structure of a protein.

Amino Acid Sequence

Antibody

Molecule or fragment of a molecule that is recognized by an antibody.

Antigen

Folding pattern found in many proteins in which neighboring regions of the polypeptide chain associate side-by-side with each other through hydrogen bonds to give a rigid, flattened structure.

Beta Sheet

Region on the surface of a protein, typically a cavity or groove, that interacts with another molecule (a ligand) through the formation of multiple noncovalent bonds.

Binding Site

The end of a polypeptide chain that carries a free carboxyl group (–COOH).

C-terminus

Chromatography

Small molecule that binds tightly to an enzyme and helps it to catalyze a reaction.

Coenzyme

Technique for observing the detailed structure of a macromolecule at very low temperatures after freezing native structures in ice.

Cryoelectron Microscopy

Covalent cross-link formed between the sulfhydryl groups on two cysteine side chains; often used to reinforce a secreted protein’s structure or to join two different proteins together.

Disulfide Bond

Electrophoresis

A protein that catalyzes a specific chemical reaction.

Enzyme

A form of metabolic control in which the end product of a chain of enzymatic reactions reduces the activity of an enzyme early in the pathway.

Feedback Inhibition

A protein with an elongated, rodlike shape, such as collagen or a keratin filament.

Fibrous Protein

Any protein in which the polypeptide chain folds into a compact, rounded shape. Includes most enzymes.

Globular Protein

Intracellular signaling protein whose activity is determined by its association with either GTP or GDP. Includes both trimeric G proteins and monomeric GTPases, such as Ras.

GTP-binding Protein

An elongated structure whose subunits twist in a regular fashion around a central axis, like a spiral staircase.

Helix

A large aggregate of phase-separated macromolecules that creates a region with a special biochemistry without the use of an encapsulating membrane.

Intracellular Condensate

Region in a polypeptide chain that lacks a definite structure.

Intrinsically Disordered Sequence

General term for a small molecule that binds to a specific site on a macromolecule.

Ligand

Enzyme that severs the polysaccharide chains that form the cell walls of bacteria; found in many secretions including saliva and tears, where it serves as an antibiotic.

Lysozyme

Sensitive technique that enables the determination of the exact mass of all of the molecules in a complex mixture.

Mass Spectrometry

The concentration of substrate at which an enzyme works at half its maximum velocity; serves as a measure of how tightly the substrate is bound.

Michaelis Constant

100

Protein such as myosin or kinesin that uses energy derived from the hydrolysis of a tightly bound ATP molecule to propel itself along a protein filament or polymeric molecule.

Motor Protein