is a fundamental concept in engineering that deals with the movement of thermal energy from one place to another.

is the transfer of energy through direct contact between particles or matter.

are materials that allow the flow of heat.

a substance which does not readily allow the passage of heat.

states that the negative gradient of temperature and the time rate of heat transfer is proportional to the area at right angles of that gradient through which the heat flows. Fourier's law is the other name of the law of heat conduction.

is a way heat moves through liquids and gases. It happens when warmer parts of a fluid rise and cooler parts sink, creating a flow that spreads heat.

states that the rate of change of the temperature of an object is proportional to the difference between its temperature and the temperature of its surroundings

is the process transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves. It is a transfer of energy from its origin to the surroundings.

describes the intensity of the thermal radiation emitted by matter in terms of that matter's temperature.

is a device that transfers heat between two fluids at different temperatures.

is a material's ability to transfer heat energy through it from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.

is a unique kind of periodic motion that occurs in mechanics and physics when an object is subjected to a restoring force whose strength is directly proportional to the object's distance from an equilibrium position and acts in the direction of the equilibrium position.

- Is the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of a system. The total energy is constant and doesn't change over time.

- At the point of greatest displacement (x) of the mass, the mass stops for a moment, all the energy in the spring is stored an PE. The spring has no KE.

refers to any system where there is an oscillating force that is resisted by a damping force.

- is when the damping force is less than the critical damping force

- is when the damping force is greater than the critical damping force.

is when the damping force is equal to the critical damping force.

- is a dimensionless parameter that quantifies the level of damping in a system undergoing oscillations. It essentially tells you how quickly the oscillations decay.

happen when an external periodic force is applied to a system, causing it to oscillate at the frequency of the applied force, rather than its natural frequency. This external force can sustain the oscillations and even increase their amplitude if applied appropriately.

is a phenomenon where a system vibrates with maximum amplitude when driven at its natural frequency.