問題一覧
1
As it affects urine concentration, the outcome is influenced by:
Both cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons
2
The thin descending limb, the thin ascending limb, and the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle:
Have the same lumen diameter
3
Innervation to the kidney is provided by:
Functionally specific groups of fibers with both motor (efferent) and sensory (afferent) activity
4
The following values were obtained in a renal physiology laboratory where RBF, RPF, GFR, and FF were being measured but their identity has been lost: 16mL/min per kg; 3.36mL/min per kg; 8.64mL/min per kg; 0.35. Their reassigned identity should be:
RBF, GFR, RPF, FF
5
What would be the response of a renorenal reflex following a left ureteral obstruction?
Mechanoreceptors in the left kidney activate a reflex to increase activity of the right kidney
6
Which one of the following would have the highest values for hematocrit and plasma protein concentration in what arteriole
Blood in the efferent arteriole
7
Generally speaking, protein molecules are normally restricted from filtration through the glomerular membrane because of:
size and polyanionic nature
8
A plasma glucose concentration of 300mg/dL and a urinalysis that is positive for glucose has been found in a dog. Which one of the following would be a likely clinical sign?
polyuria and polydipsia
9
Because of a decrease in GFR, the tubular fluid in the loop of Henle has been slowed allowing greater reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the ascending loop of Henle. The macula densa senses the decrease in sodium concentration. Which one of the following responses occurs?
Afferent arteriole dilation, release of renin, and efferent arteriole constriction
10
Hemoglobin that arises from intravascular lysis of erythrocytes:
bound to haptoglobin as long as lysis is not severe
11
Which one of the following nephron parts is associated with the establishment of a high salt concentration in the medulla of the kidney?
loop of henle
12
Loss of solute (Na+, Cl–) and retention of water that occurs inthe ascending limb of the loop of Henle causes the tubular fluid to be _________ as compared with plasma.
hypotonic
13
With regard to the tubular transport of urea:
During the process of its being excreted, there is recirculation of some from the inner medullary collecting ducts to the ascending thin limb of the loop of Henle
14
Which one of the following is not associated with diabetes mellitus?
D Lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
15
When antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary is released in greater amounts, what will happen to the fluid in the collecting ducts of the kidney?
It will become more concentrated
16
Detection of increased osmoconcentration of the ECF by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus would result in what type of urine
More concentrated urine
17
Which part of the loop of Henle has the lowest osmolality (greatest dilution)?
Ascending thick limb
18
Where in the loop of Henle does urea permeability begin and end?
Begins and ends in the thin ascending limb
19
Movement of solute and water between the vasa recta and the ISF occurs by:
Passive diffusion for water, urea, and NaCl
20
A diuretic that interferes with the cotransport of NaCl in the thick segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle would:
Predisposed to medullary washout
21
The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is effective in the adjustments needed for the correction of:
Hypovolemia
22
Volume receptors in the left atrium are stretched during hypervolemia that results from increased Na+ intake. Which one of the following is influential in the return to normal?
Inhibition of ERSNA and release of ANP
23
Extracellular fluid Na+ concentration is regulated by:
Osmoreceptor ADH system and thirst mechanism
24
Detection of increased osmoconcentration of the ECF by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus would by followed by:
Secretion of ADH, more concentrated urine, stimulation of thirst, and water retention
25
Which one of the following hormones promotes the tubular reabsorption of Na+ and the tubular secretion of K+?
aldosterone
26
Tubular fluid is transported from Bowman’s capsule to the renal pelvis by:
hydrostatic pressure gradient
27
The principal nitrogenous constituent of mammalian urine is:
urea
28
The most probable reason for the abundant secretion of mucus in the kidney pelvis and upper part of the ureter in the horse is that it:
Provides a carrier for the carbonates and phosphates
29
A renal clearance for urea of 50mL/min means that:
C.
30
Creatinine clearance evaluations provide an estimate of:
functional renal mass
31
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is associated with micturition?
parasympathetic
32
Which one of the following statements about creatinine is not true?
Creatinine production depends on the amount of protein metabolism and therefore is variable
33
Sacral center reflex emptying of the urinary bladder (without brainstem and cerebral cortex control):
Will be frequent and incomplete
34
Which one of the following terms most accurately describes a clinical sign of feline urologic syndrome (FUS)?
stranguria
35
The usual yellow color of urine is derived from:
bilirubin
36
Which one of the following nephron components is lacking in reptilian nephrons?
loop of henle
37
Renal portal system blood is:
venous blood
38
Reptilian nephron tubular fluid bypasses the medullary cones where it could otherwise become concentrated.
false
39
The avian nephron associated with the countercurrent mechanism is the:
mammalian type
40
Renal portal blood enters the vascular supply perfusing the renal tubules at the level of the
peritubular capillaries
41
The principal nitrogenous component of avian urine is:
uric acid
42
Uric acid precipitates in the renal tubules in order to:
Avoid obligation of water excretion
43
Ammonia is converted to uric acid in birds in what organ
in liver and kidneys
44
The location for the greatest post‐renal modification of ureteral urine is the:
colon
45
The salt glands (nasal glands):
Secrete only NaCl and serve an extrarenal osmoregulatory function