duke

45問 • 1年前

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問題一覧

As it affects urine concentration, the outcome is influenced by:

Both cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons

The thin descending limb, the thin ascending limb, and the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle:

Have the same lumen diameter

Innervation to the kidney is provided by:

Functionally specific groups of fibers with both motor (efferent) and sensory (afferent) activity

The following values were obtained in a renal physiology laboratory where RBF, RPF, GFR, and FF were being measured but their identity has been lost: 16mL/min per kg; 3.36mL/min per kg; 8.64mL/min per kg; 0.35. Their reassigned identity should be:

RBF, GFR, RPF, FF

What would be the response of a renorenal reflex following a left ureteral obstruction?

Mechanoreceptors in the left kidney activate a reflex to increase activity of the right kidney

Which one of the following would have the highest values for hematocrit and plasma protein concentration in what arteriole

Blood in the efferent arteriole

Generally speaking, protein molecules are normally restricted from filtration through the glomerular membrane because of:

size and polyanionic nature

A plasma glucose concentration of 300mg/dL and a urinalysis that is positive for glucose has been found in a dog. Which one of the following would be a likely clinical sign?

polyuria and polydipsia

Because of a decrease in GFR, the tubular fluid in the loop of Henle has been slowed allowing greater reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the ascending loop of Henle. The macula densa senses the decrease in sodium concentration. Which one of the following responses occurs?

Afferent arteriole dilation, release of renin, and efferent arteriole constriction

Hemoglobin that arises from intravascular lysis of erythrocytes:

bound to haptoglobin as long as lysis is not severe

Which one of the following nephron parts is associated with the establishment of a high salt concentration in the medulla of the kidney?

loop of henle

Loss of solute (Na+, Cl–) and retention of water that occurs inthe ascending limb of the loop of Henle causes the tubular fluid to be _________ as compared with plasma.

hypotonic

With regard to the tubular transport of urea:

During the process of its being excreted, there is recirculation of some from the inner medullary collecting ducts to the ascending thin limb of the loop of Henle

Which one of the following is not associated with diabetes mellitus?

D Lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

When antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary is released in greater amounts, what will happen to the fluid in the collecting ducts of the kidney?

It will become more concentrated

Detection of increased osmoconcentration of the ECF by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus would result in what type of urine

More concentrated urine

Which part of the loop of Henle has the lowest osmolality (greatest dilution)?

Ascending thick limb

Where in the loop of Henle does urea permeability begin and end?

Begins and ends in the thin ascending limb

Movement of solute and water between the vasa recta and the ISF occurs by:

Passive diffusion for water, urea, and NaCl

A diuretic that interferes with the cotransport of NaCl in the thick segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle would:

Predisposed to medullary washout

The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is effective in the adjustments needed for the correction of:

Hypovolemia

Volume receptors in the left atrium are stretched during hypervolemia that results from increased Na+ intake. Which one of the following is influential in the return to normal?

Inhibition of ERSNA and release of ANP

Extracellular fluid Na+ concentration is regulated by:

Osmoreceptor ADH system and thirst mechanism

Detection of increased osmoconcentration of the ECF by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus would by followed by:

Secretion of ADH, more concentrated urine, stimulation of thirst, and water retention

Which one of the following hormones promotes the tubular reabsorption of Na+ and the tubular secretion of K+?

aldosterone

Tubular fluid is transported from Bowman’s capsule to the renal pelvis by:

hydrostatic pressure gradient

The principal nitrogenous constituent of mammalian urine is:

urea

The most probable reason for the abundant secretion of mucus in the kidney pelvis and upper part of the ureter in the horse is that it:

Provides a carrier for the carbonates and phosphates

A renal clearance for urea of 50mL/min means that:

Creatinine clearance evaluations provide an estimate of:

functional renal mass

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is associated with micturition?

parasympathetic

Which one of the following statements about creatinine is not true?

Creatinine production depends on the amount of protein metabolism and therefore is variable

Sacral center reflex emptying of the urinary bladder (without brainstem and cerebral cortex control):

Will be frequent and incomplete

Which one of the following terms most accurately describes a clinical sign of feline urologic syndrome (FUS)?

stranguria

The usual yellow color of urine is derived from:

bilirubin

Which one of the following nephron components is lacking in reptilian nephrons?

loop of henle

Renal portal system blood is:

venous blood

Reptilian nephron tubular fluid bypasses the medullary cones where it could otherwise become concentrated.

false

The avian nephron associated with the countercurrent mechanism is the:

mammalian type

Renal portal blood enters the vascular supply perfusing the renal tubules at the level of the

peritubular capillaries

The principal nitrogenous component of avian urine is:

uric acid

Uric acid precipitates in the renal tubules in order to:

Avoid obligation of water excretion

Ammonia is converted to uric acid in birds in what organ

in liver and kidneys

The location for the greatest post‐renal modification of ureteral urine is the:

colon

The salt glands (nasal glands):

Secrete only NaCl and serve an extrarenal osmoregulatory function

問題一覧

As it affects urine concentration, the outcome is influenced by:

Both cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons

The thin descending limb, the thin ascending limb, and the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle:

Have the same lumen diameter

Innervation to the kidney is provided by:

Functionally specific groups of fibers with both motor (efferent) and sensory (afferent) activity

RBF, GFR, RPF, FF

What would be the response of a renorenal reflex following a left ureteral obstruction?

Mechanoreceptors in the left kidney activate a reflex to increase activity of the right kidney

Which one of the following would have the highest values for hematocrit and plasma protein concentration in what arteriole

Blood in the efferent arteriole

Generally speaking, protein molecules are normally restricted from filtration through the glomerular membrane because of:

size and polyanionic nature

A plasma glucose concentration of 300mg/dL and a urinalysis that is positive for glucose has been found in a dog. Which one of the following would be a likely clinical sign?

polyuria and polydipsia

Afferent arteriole dilation, release of renin, and efferent arteriole constriction

Hemoglobin that arises from intravascular lysis of erythrocytes:

bound to haptoglobin as long as lysis is not severe

Which one of the following nephron parts is associated with the establishment of a high salt concentration in the medulla of the kidney?

loop of henle

Loss of solute (Na+, Cl–) and retention of water that occurs inthe ascending limb of the loop of Henle causes the tubular fluid to be _________ as compared with plasma.

hypotonic

With regard to the tubular transport of urea:

During the process of its being excreted, there is recirculation of some from the inner medullary collecting ducts to the ascending thin limb of the loop of Henle

Which one of the following is not associated with diabetes mellitus?

D Lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

When antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary is released in greater amounts, what will happen to the fluid in the collecting ducts of the kidney?

It will become more concentrated

Detection of increased osmoconcentration of the ECF by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus would result in what type of urine

More concentrated urine

Which part of the loop of Henle has the lowest osmolality (greatest dilution)?

Ascending thick limb

Where in the loop of Henle does urea permeability begin and end?

Begins and ends in the thin ascending limb

Movement of solute and water between the vasa recta and the ISF occurs by:

Passive diffusion for water, urea, and NaCl

A diuretic that interferes with the cotransport of NaCl in the thick segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle would:

Predisposed to medullary washout

The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is effective in the adjustments needed for the correction of:

Hypovolemia

Volume receptors in the left atrium are stretched during hypervolemia that results from increased Na+ intake. Which one of the following is influential in the return to normal?

Inhibition of ERSNA and release of ANP

Extracellular fluid Na+ concentration is regulated by:

Osmoreceptor ADH system and thirst mechanism

Detection of increased osmoconcentration of the ECF by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus would by followed by:

Secretion of ADH, more concentrated urine, stimulation of thirst, and water retention

Which one of the following hormones promotes the tubular reabsorption of Na+ and the tubular secretion of K+?

aldosterone

Tubular fluid is transported from Bowman’s capsule to the renal pelvis by:

hydrostatic pressure gradient

The principal nitrogenous constituent of mammalian urine is:

urea

The most probable reason for the abundant secretion of mucus in the kidney pelvis and upper part of the ureter in the horse is that it:

Provides a carrier for the carbonates and phosphates

A renal clearance for urea of 50mL/min means that:

Creatinine clearance evaluations provide an estimate of:

functional renal mass

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is associated with micturition?

parasympathetic

Which one of the following statements about creatinine is not true?

Creatinine production depends on the amount of protein metabolism and therefore is variable

Sacral center reflex emptying of the urinary bladder (without brainstem and cerebral cortex control):

Will be frequent and incomplete

Which one of the following terms most accurately describes a clinical sign of feline urologic syndrome (FUS)?

stranguria

The usual yellow color of urine is derived from:

bilirubin

Which one of the following nephron components is lacking in reptilian nephrons?

loop of henle

Renal portal system blood is:

venous blood

Reptilian nephron tubular fluid bypasses the medullary cones where it could otherwise become concentrated.

false

The avian nephron associated with the countercurrent mechanism is the:

mammalian type

Renal portal blood enters the vascular supply perfusing the renal tubules at the level of the

peritubular capillaries

The principal nitrogenous component of avian urine is:

uric acid

Uric acid precipitates in the renal tubules in order to:

Avoid obligation of water excretion

Ammonia is converted to uric acid in birds in what organ

in liver and kidneys

The location for the greatest post‐renal modification of ureteral urine is the:

colon

The salt glands (nasal glands):

Secrete only NaCl and serve an extrarenal osmoregulatory function