Patient unable to maintain balance

Requires handhold support and moderate to maximal resistance to maintain position

Unable to accept challenge or move without loss of balance

Able to maintain balance with handhold support

Accepts minimal challenge; able to balance while turning head or trunk

Able to maintain balance without handhold support, limited postural sway (static)

Accepts moderate challenge; able to maintain balance while picking up object off floor

Able to maintain steady balance wothout handhold support

Accepts maximal challenge and can shift weight easily within full range in all directions

Biceps

Triceps

Brachioradialis

Quadriceps patellar

Achilles

Muscle weakness

Loss of ability for complex movements

Speech articulation

Rapid alternating movements

Inability to judge ROM

Performed in sequence

Overestimation ROM

Underestimation ROM

Inability to halt movements

Oscillatory

Rhythmic oscillations of head

Inability to initiate movements

Wormlike movements

Decreased amplitude movements

Jerky with multiple jts

Sustained involuntary

Flailing motions on one side

Increased muscle activity

Decreased motor response

Increased muscle tone