An era, wherein managers of healthcare organizations will fine resources to carry out multiple changes and differences.

Give the 4 FOUNDATION OF ETHICS

Chaos of thoughts, beliefs, assumptions, values, and superstition.

Intense and critical examination of beliefs and assumption.

It offers principles for deciding what actions and qualities are most applicable.

is the philosophical discussion of what is considered good or bad or right or wrong in terms of moral issues.

is concerned with the study of social morality and philosophical reflection on society’s norm and practices.

The nursing code of ethics guides nurses in their relationships with patients, colleagues, the profession and society.

Specific code of ethics was developed by the... and it serves as what?

A view of moral judgement that regards ethics as dependent upon human nature and psychology.

Rationalists believe that they are not dependent upon human nature. they argue that it depends upon the origin and can be known to humans through the process of reasoning.

also known as formalism

What type of theory is Deontology?

Deon means?

you are utilizing deontic principles when;

German philosopher; born in Konigsberg, Prusia in 1724

He asserted that moral rules are absolute and applicable to all people, at all times in all situations.

- “You should not lie” - refers to the moral rules that do not admit exceptions - Based on reasons

- “Do not lie” - makes his/her ends your own - there is an inherent recognition that all people are equal, and equally competent in making decisions

is sometimes called as teleology

telos means?

Consequentialist evaluated morality actions in terms of progress toward a goal or end. The consequences of the action are what matters, not their intent.

There are two issues: (in teleology)

The assessment will begin if the action is good or bad, right or wrong. Often the is action, the judgement will begin.

A moral theory is that an action is judged as good or bad concerning the consequences, outcome, or result that is derived from it.

According to the utilitarian, school of thought, the right action is that which has the greatest utility or usefulness

Greek philosopher Believed that both good and evil lie in sensation; • Pleasure = good • Pain = evil

Father of modern Utilitarianism

“Principle of Utility” is meant that property in any object, whereby, it also tends to produce benefit, advantage, pleasure, good, or happiness or to prevent the happening of mischief, pain, evil or unhappiness to the party whose interest is considered.

Bentham mentioned 6 criteria to the pleasure:

A British moral philosopher. Classical utilitarianism is most often associated with the British philosopher. He developed the theory from a pleasure-maximizing version put forward by his mentor Bentham.

For him, not all pleasure were equally worthy. He defined the “good” in terms of well-being and distinguished.

He is closer to the virtue theory idea of eudemonia as a goal.

He described the greatest sources of physical and mental suffering as:

He believed utilitarianism to be in the spirit of the Golden Rule,

Each act is considered based on its “net benefit.It suggests that people choose actions that will in any given circumstances, increase the overall good.

- The “decision makers” develops rules that will have greatest not benefit. - It suggests that people choose rules, that when they followed consistently, will maximize the overall good. - It the basis for many policy-level decisions about the distribution of healthcare services.

cardinal virtues:

is a character trait that is morally valued such as truthfulness, kindness, or honesty.

He considers goodness of character to be produced by the practice of virtuous behavior.

According to ___, virtues are tendencies to act, feel, and judge that are developed from a natural capacity by proper training and exercise.

He also believed in equality of excellence of character which depends on motivation, deliberation, clear judgement, self-control, and pract

Aristotle Traits of Virtuous Character Provided the Criteria

She proposes that virtue lies not only in engaging virtuous acts but also in a will.

She defines will as “that which is wished for as well as what is sought”.

Food said that virtue is not like a skill or an art. In other words, an act through kind or generous, for example, cannot be considered to be virtuous if the intention is not good.

They proposed focal virtues which can characterize a virtue of a person.

ability to imagine oneself in the situation of one another, Golden Rule

sensitive insight

moral character and norms

cardinal virtue, integration of moral characters.

Nightingale’s pledge implies virtues of character as nurses promise: