Refers to an act of participating in unlawful behavior as minors

Refers to an anti-social acts or behaviors committed by minors which are contrary to the society

Refers to a person of tender year

-A minor, youth or those who are emancipated by law -below the age of majority

Defined as criminal behavior commited by juveniles under the legal age of adulthood

Children who disowned their parents and sons who cursed their father are severly punished.

Made distinction between juveniles and adults based in the notion “age of responsibility”

There was no corporal punishment prior to puberty which was considered to be the age of 12 for females and 13 for males. No capital punishment was to be imposed on those offenders under 20 yrs of age. Similar leniency was found among muslims where children under the age if 17 were typically exempt from the dealth penalty

This law resulted in the “twelve tables” which made it clear that children were criminally responsible for violation if law and were dealt with by same criminal justice system as adults.

Capital punishments in ancient jewish law

Law of twelve tables in latin

Anti-violence against women and their children act

Anti-child abuse law

Anti-child labor law

Anti-trafficing in person act

Anti-sexual harassment act

Anti-rape law

Tender year

Retribution in code of hammurabi

The distinction made between adult and juvenile offenders in england at this time are most significant. Children under the age of 7 were presumed incapable of forming criminal intent and therefore were not subject to criminal sanction

Were created to consider petitions of those who needed special aid or intervention, such as woman and children who needed protection and aid because if divorce, the dearh if a spouse or abandonment and to grant relief to such persons

Old english law provided penalties for children. Any thief over 12 y/o recieved a punishment of death if he stole more than 12 pence (later the amount was reduced to 8 pence)

Stated that children of paupers could be involuntary from their parents and apprenticed to others

Provided for involuntary seperation of children from their improverished parents and these children where then placed in bondage to local residents ad apprentices.

Establushed the hospital of st. Michale’s, the first intitution for the treatment of juvenile offenders. The stated purpose of the hospital was to correct and isntruft unruly youth so they might become useful citizens

Established the first private, seperate institution for youthful offenders in england The goal of the institution was to educate and instruct in some useful trade or occupation the children if convicts or such other infant poor as engaged in vagrant and criminal course of life

The first man who attempted to find out the process of beginning of the deliquent subsculture

Meaning of pauperism

Gave the term: juvenile deliquency” its first public recognition by referring it as a major cause if pauperism

First juvenile or “family” court was established in cook country illlinois

This had been reffered to as the era of “socialized juvenile justice”

Child begins with petty lacerny between and sometime during the 12th year

He or she may move on sholplifting and vandalism and seriousness

At age 13, there is a substsntial increase in variety and seriousness

At around 15 four or more types if crimes added

Stages of deliquency

Classification of deliquency

Rejected or abandoned no parents to imitate and become aggressive

Membership in flaternities or group that advocates bad things

Group secretly trained to do illegal activities like marijuana cultivation

Begins at early age with stubborn behavior. This leads to defiance and then to authority avoidance

Begins with minir ynderganded behavior that leads to property damage. This behavior eventually escalates to more serious forms of criminality

Escalates to aggressive acts beginning with aggression and leading to physical fighting and then violence

Types of deliquent youth

Less identifiable in personality and tempsrament, essentially a law abiding citizen but happens to be at wrong place at the wrong time

Children whose acts are manifested by cruel and atrocious acts and conduct for which they feel no remorse

The anti-social behavior of the youth is a direct result of internal conflict and pre-occupation with his own emotion and mood

Refers to an aggressive youth who resents authority of anyone who makes an effort to control his behavior,whether it is parental,school regulation or ordinances and law passed by the proper authorities

Views the law breaker as a person whose misconduct is the results of faulty biology. The offender is hereditary defective, he or she suffers from endocrime imbalance or brain pathology

It tells us that the offender behaves as she or he does in response to psychological pathology of some kind.

Attributes the variations in deliquency pattern to influence social structures. They account for individual offender by reference to learning process which goes on in youth gangs, stigmatizing contacts with social control agencies and other variable of that time

Punishments for children were severe,even death penalty for minor offenses.

Children were commonly sold into slavery, prostitution and apprenticeship, sometimes as security in debts

Children wrre expose to adult sexuality from an early age, even used as prostitutes