How many ROOTS does a maxillary first molar usually have

58% of the time, the MB root of the maxillary first molar has how many canals?

How many canals does a maxillary first premolar usually have?

How many ROOTS does a mandibular molar usually have?

How many canals does a mandibular molar usually have

Endodontic treatment of a mandibular central incisor is challenging because the most common variation is having two canals.

Endodontic access on mandibular incisors is the most challenging among all teeth because the mandibular incisors are very narrow mesio-distally and, therefore, it is easy to perforate.

Endodontic files, gutta percha and sized paper points are color coded. What color is a size 10 file?

What color is a size 35 endodontic file?

What color is a size 70 endodontic file?

What color is a size 25 endodontic file?

Estimated WLis 22 mm. To determine the true WL, inserted in the canal a size 15 endodontic file to 22 mm and then took a radiograph (x-ray). The size 15 at 22 mm is out of the canal by about 1 mm.. What should I do next?

In determining the WL, the size of the file is as important as the length. The initial apical file should be a tiny bit tight in the canal.

The length of the Master Apical File, MAF, is:

In determining the WL, I first tried a size 25 file but it was too tight in the canal, and short by more than 3 mm, as seen on the radiograph. What should I do next?

The size of the MAF is usually three sizes bigger than the initial file. However, this is not a hard and fast rule because the pre-op size of the canal and the thickness of the root are the two more important determinants of the size of the MAF.

Signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis include the following EXCEPT:

Signs and symptoms of a necrotic pulp can include the following EXCEPT:

It is important to determine the periodontal status of a tooth PRIOR to starting endodontic treatment because

The anatomic landmark that could be mistaken as apical pathology in a radiograph of a mandibular bicuspid:

Material used in tracing a sinus tract:

In instrumenting curved canals, all endodontic files have to be pre-curved before inserting in the canal.

The WL is 19 mm and the initial apical file is size 15. Using the rule of thumb that the MAF is 3 sizes bigger than the initial file, write below the size and length of the MAF

The MAF is size 40 with a WL of 22 mm. Write below the sizes and lengths of the three step back files. Do not include recapitulation

Signs and symptoms of acute apical periodontitis EXCEPT:

An acute alveolar abscess is a dental emergency. Emergency treatment consists of the following EXCEPT:

Acute maxillary sinusitis can mimic tooth pain in the maxillary posterior quadrant.

When is the best time to treat a pregnant patient?

This medical condition can mimic odontogenic pain.

Radiation therapy to the head and neck can result in;

Precaution(s) to take if the patient is hypertensive:

Precaution(s) to take if the patient is an insulin-dependent diabetic:

If a patient has ulcers, should you avoid prescribing aspirin?

In alcoholics, avoid prescribing sedatives and aspirin.

What is the first antibiotic of choice for patients with swelling of endodontic origin?

Pain in reversible pulpitis is immediate, momentary and quickly dissipates upon removal of the stimulus.

Pain in IRREVERSIBLE pulpitis could be spontaneous or delayed upon application of the stimulus, and persists for minutes to hours after removal of the stimulus

The periodontal ligament space may appear normal or widened in irreversible pulpitis.

How does a tooth with irreversible pulpitis respond to percussion:

Before even picking up a bur to prepare the endodontic access, what should you do?

Employs the tip of the index finger or a cotton tip, with light pressure, to examine tissue consistency and pain response.

This test enables the dentist to evaluate the status of the periapical tissues by a slight tap on the tooth with the handle of a mouth mirror.

Teeth undergoing rapid orthodontic movement can be sensitive to percussion.

This test consists of moving the tooth bucco-lingually using the handles of 2 instruments.

A narrow, isolated probing defect could signify:

A painful response to the heat test compared to other teeth in the same mouth indicates pulpal and/or periapical disease requiring endodontic treatment.

Assuming all teeth are present, what is the ideal sequence for testing for cold?

What is the diagnosis if the cold test response is immediate discomfort, lasts only a few seconds and dissipates upon removal of the cold stimulus?

What is the diagnosis if the cold test response is immediate severe pain lasting several minutes to hours after removal of the cold stimulus?

What is the diagnosis if the patient feels nothing upon application of the cold stimulus but other teeth tested responds with momentary discomfort to the cold stimulus?

A radiograph is a 2-dimensional representation of a 3-dimensional object. Therefore, it gives the clinician plenty of information but not a complete "picture" of the tooth.

This test shines a bright light on the on the buccal of the tooth while the room is dark to detect crack lines.

Factors to consider in case selection are:

Intracanal pressure in irreversible pulpitis or necrotic cases causes pain. Therefore, when a patient presents with pain, it is imperative to relieve the pressure. The ways to relieve intracanal pressure are the following, except:

Is it extremely important to take the tooth out of occlusion when the patient says the tooth feels elevated/painful when he/she closes her mouth?

Although some medical conditions can influence endodontic treatment, most medical conditions do not contraindicate endodontic treatment.

In a dental emergency arises during the first trimester of pregnancy, what should you do:

Factors to consider in patients with cancer:

What is the occupational risk when treating a patient with HIV:

A dialysis patient is best treated the day after herodialysis because of:

Well-controlled diabetics are good candidates for endodontic treatment.

It is alright to prescribe opioids to patients taking anti-depressants.

Periodontal probing is essential prior to endodontic treatment.

Should you think about restoration of the tooth before endodontic treatment?

Factors affecting the decision to endodontically treat a tooth:

What is the primary reason for endodontic surgery

Non-vital teeth with peri-radicular abscess should be done in one visit.

Every root canal system has spaces that cannot be cleaned mechanically.

The only way to clean webs, fins and canal anastomoses is:

Encircle one that is not a goal of irrigation

Do you have to irrigate frequently?

Does exposure time of the dentin to NaOCI affect the efficacy of the NaOcI?

In a sodium hypochlorite accident, is there immediate pain?

How do you prevent a hypochlorite accident?

What is the concentration of EDTA used in endodontics?

Does EDTA have anti-microbial properties?

Why do we use EDTA in endodontics?

Is EDTA effective as the sole irrigant during instrumentation?

What is the most important irrigant during instrumentation?

Is it advisable to mix irrigants?

Repeated cycling of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA should be avoided because:

The smear layer should be removed at the end of instrumentation.

Chelating agents can remove smear layer. Is EDTA a chelating agent?

All syringes for endodontic irrigation must have a Luer-lock design.

What obturation technique did we do in the lab?

Should you obturate the canal when there is no more pain but the canal is still weeping?

Disadvantage of gutta percha

Gutta percha without a sealer will not seal.

What is the main purpose of the root canal sealer?

Do you want the sealer to fill accessory canals?

Can the sealer act as lubricant during insertion of the master cone?

MAF is size 40, length 22 mm. I tried on a size 40 cone. The cone fit radiograph showed the cone is outside the apex by about 1 mm. What should I do?

Schilder's Mechanical Objectives during cleaning and shaping root canals are the following except:

Is establishing the glide path the same as determining canal patency?

What is the concept of enlarging the coronal third of the root canal prior to working length determination?

Involves filing away from the inner curve of a root to reduce the risk of strip perforation

Should endodontic files be checked for deformation and discarded if strain is present?

What is the spread of infection diffusely into fascial planes of soft tissues

Is condensing osteitis usually painful?

The cervical area is the most commonly involved area in external root resorption