問題一覧
1
which of the following is not a region of the stomach
duodenum
2
gastric inhibitory polypeptide inhibits activity and mainly stimulates
insulin release
3
there are three pairs of salivary glands, which produce saliva, which contains all of the following except
pancreatic amylase
4
in healthy individuals, the small intestine is divided into
duodenum, ileum and jejunum
5
most water soluble vitamins are absorbed through the action of ? into the digestive epithelium
specific carriers
6
which of the following is not a specified pancreatic exocrine enzyme
pancreatic glucagon
7
duodenal enteroendocrine cells help coordinate and regulate digestive functions by production of hominem including which of the following
secretin
8
what is the main effect of motility on the digestive tract
increased gastric motor activity
9
what type of food is primarily digested in the stomach
protein
10
the gallbladder stores and concentrates bile prior to release into the small intestine in response to stimulation by the intestinal hormone
cholecystokinin
11
cholecystokinin accelerates production and secretion of digestive enzymes and pushes pancreatic secretion and bile into the
duodenum
12
pancreatitis will have the following symptoms
decreases digestion and absorption of nutrients and diarrhoea
13
which phase of gastric secretion does not require the presence of food in the stomach
cephalic phase
14
gastric promotes increased ? motility
stomach
15
the main process relating to digestion which occurs in the large intestine is
fermentation
16
up to 80% of investors calcium is absorbed and this process is regulated by the ? derivative and facilitated by protein
vitamin D
17
secretin increases secretions of bile and buffers by the
liver and pancreas
18
which of the following is not a role of motility in the gastrointestinal system
digestion
19
the entrance to the stomach is guarded by the lower esophageal ?, which allows food to enter the stomach but prevents gastric reflux of stomach contents
sphincter
20
what are the main sources of bicarbonate in the intestine
bile and pancreatic juice
21
chewing breaks up large food particles and mixes the food with the secretions of the
salivary glands
22
amino acids are absorbed by each of the following except
osmosis
23
which branch of the nervous system regulates the function of the gastrointestinal system
autonomic
24
of the 9 litres of water passing through the intestines, ? are reabsorbed and the remainder is excrete in stool
8.8 litres
25
which part of the stomach is primarily responsible for the secretion of stomach juices
fundus
26
fat is mainly absorbed by the
lymphatic system
27
swallowing is initiated by voluntary action of collecting oral contents on the tongue and propelling them backwards into the
pharynx
28
vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulates the secretion of intestinal glands and inhibits acid production in the
stomach
29
all of the following are components of the digest system except
larynx
30
exocrine pancreatic cells include the acinar cell and epithelial cells, which secrete pancreatic juice into
small intestine
31
absorption of monosaccharides is by
facilitated diffusion
32
disaccharides and trisaccharides are broken down into monosaccharides by brush border enzymes of the intestinal microvilli before
absorption
33
all of the following are phases of the gastric secretion except
cephalic phase
34
mucus is secreted by goblet cells, hydrochloride acid is secreted by parietal cells, while pepsin is secreted from the ? of the stomach
chief cells
35
the fatty acids produced from triglycerides interact with bile salts to form small lipid bile salt complexes called
micelles
36
secretions of the exocrine pancreas plays a role in the digestion of
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids
37
why does eating a large meal make one sleepy
effect of cholecystokinin on the brain
38
the digestive tract is an internal passageway, which begins at the mouth and ends at the
anus
39
carbohydrate digesting starts in the mouth abs continues to digest food in the stomach for about ?
1-2 hours
40
the large intestine consists of all of the following except
anus
41
the liver is one of the most versatile organs of the body, which provides essential metabolic and synthetic function and secretes a fluid called
bile
42
which of the following is not a function of the liver
regulation of gastro mobility
43
the small intestine plays a key role in digestion and absorption of nutrients while the large intestine
reabsorbs water, sodium and other minerals
44
most of the digestive tract is lined by
simple columnar epithelia
45
which of the following is not a disaccharide
fructose
46
lipids enter intestinal cells and generate new triglycerides, which associate with steroids, phospholipids and proteins to create ?, which are secreted into the intestitual fluid
chylomicrons
47
protein digestion is complex and time consuming, where stomach acid, pepsin, trypsin and other enzymes break bonds in the protein to degrade it into constituents
amino acids
48
the pyloric sphincter regulates the release of chyme into the
duodenum
49
what is the main role of bicarbonate in the small intestine
maintain optimal pH for enzymatic digestion
50
what are the roles of water in digestion
hydrolysis, lubrication and dilution
51
salivary secretion is under neural control and food in the mouth causes ? secretion of saliva
reflex
52
ageing of the gastrointestinal system is frequently characterised by an increased incidence of constipation. this may be caused by
slow peristalsis
53
bike is released into the duodenum by which organ
gallbladder
54
why are the enzymes pepsin and trypsin initially secreted as pepsinogen and trypsinogen (proenzymes)
to prevent self digestion of secreting organs
55
a travelling wave of smooth muscle contractions that propel food along the digestive tract is called
peristalsis
56
lipid digestion involves pancreatic lipase from the pancreas, which transforms triglycerides into free fatty acids and
monoglycerides
57
bile salts are involved with ?, which dramatically increases the surface area of lipid droplets to enhance enzyme attack, and facilitates interaction between the lipids and lipid digesting enzymes
emulsification
58
a major function of mucus is to protect the lining of the stomach from the digestive actions of
hydrochloric acid