product of our thoughts and desiresz reveal our moral character

What we are depends on our

makes use of one's knowledge and freewills

any activity performed by man

the concern of morality

Only human acts are morals

human are grounded in the very nature of man

actions that do not require man's rationality

Do not make use of his intellect or will knowledge. His action is natural Ex. breathing

acts which proceed man as rational being

3 Elements of Human Acts

Doing an act with knowledge makes an act deliberate

Human Act done with knowledge

Human act that he has the awareness of its action

Act done with freedom

Does the act under the control of his will The agent is not forced to do or not to do a particular action

referring to a choice being made of a person's free will

requires the presence of the two other constituents ( knowledge and freedom)

It is a willful act

refer to those actions which are started, performed, and completed by the will either by the will alone or through other faculties which are under the control of the will

refer to those actions that are either in agreement or in disagreement with reason

Human acts classified into 2 main heads

2 human acts in relation to the will

actions started by the will, performed by the will, and are completed by the will as the sole agent - only at plan

actions begun at the will, completed through another medium - plan done

7 elicited acts

primordial desire

purposive tendency towards the thing that is realizable the will is assured that the object of its inclination is attainable

series of thoughts concerning the most suitable means towards the attainment of the desired goal

definite decision as to what means should be used - picking / choosing

active commitment to follow what means has opted as the right pick

use of means using bodily or mental be able to establish between man as rational

actual attainment of the goal possessing satisfaction since it achieved

3 Kinds of Commanded Acts

acts done by man of his internal mental powers under the command of the will

acts affected by the bodily powers under the command of the will

Acts that include the use of bodily and mental powers

Cognitive - Affective -

3 humans acts in relation to reason

acts done by man "in harmony with the dictates of right reason"

are those actions done by man in contradiction to the dictates of right reason

are neither good or bad No positive relation to the dictates of reason only true in abstract sense

Modifiers of Human acts are factors that affect the essential elements of human acts

difference in Ignorance and innocence

Ignorance either vincible or invincible

intention but try to escape or responsibility also called affected can be corrected by ordinary negligence

Not aware could be aware of it but do not have the means to rectify it not easily be remedied

is a science of morality of human acts

Ethics derives from the greek word

ethos means

Moral dilemma

presents the truths about human acts and from these truths deduces (draws a logical conclusion) the principle morality

it applies the principles of general ethics to different human activity (individual or social)

psychotics, children, persons under juries civil liabilitt studies the characteristics and behaviour of man as endowed with reason and freewill

Father of Moral Philosophy

greatly influenced ethical thinking with three important treatise

Nicomachean Ethics

Phronesis means

The Eudemian Ethics

pursuit of becoming a better person living well and doing well

Magna Moralia ( Great Ethics )

Beliefs that adheres to the highest ideals of human beings

promolgated for common good ( St. Thomas)

explanation of the ultimate meaning of life

Religion 4 C

modifiers

under the control of intellect and will of a person

refers to the thing of which a person may be ignorant.

is the ignorance of the existence of the duty, rule or regulation.

refers to an ignorance of the nature or circumstances of an act as forbidden.

refers to the lack of knowledge of the precise sanction affixed to the law

refers to that ignorance on the part of the person by whom ignorance exists.

refers to the consideration of ignorance with reference to the acts that are performed in ignorance

belongs to man's intellectual appetites. They refer to the emotions and feelings of man in relation to his actions. Since emotions and feelings belong to man's sensory appetite, they are in themselves irrational.

cited as one of the irascible passions. induces the will to do what it would not do otherwise. It is defined as the emotion that apprehends impending evil and manifests itself in the desire to get away, avoid, or escape, as far as possible, from the impending (threat)

force or compulsion is defined in ethics as the application or use of physical power or external force on a person by another for the purpose of compelling him to do something against his will.

is any physical force exerted on a person by a free agent for the purpose of compelling said person to act against his will. Insults, torture, isolation, starvation and mutilation.

is the readiness, born of frequently repeated acts, for acting in a certain manner. are acquired through the repetition of a act over a period of time. They are either good or bad. like second nature, moving one to do something with relative case without much reflection. They are difficult to overcome. is defined as a constant and easy way of doing things acquired by the repetition of the same act. Literally, the term means "a having" and in this light, all that we have is a

is the purpose or goal of an act. It is either the end of the act itself or the end of the doer.

is an immediate end on account of which an action is immediately performed.

is a subordinate end sought for the attainment of another end.

is an end on account of which other ends or means are sought.

is the end for the sake of which all other things are desired, and which is not itself desired for the sake of anything else. (St. Thomas).