biological basis

unconscious sensory pleasure, conditioned, brain stem, hierarchal control

greater activation to fear

emotions elicit facial movements that cannot otherwise be produced

inhibition, CS doesn’t = US, PTSD don’t recall extinction as well

active PFC inhibits amygdala & reduces expression, script-driven imagery, lower activation

emotions, physiological, behavioural, cognition

need homeostasis, deviation= need state, causes drive state, activates directed behaviour, body detects deviations (error predictor) from set point

reward depends on current drive

unrelated motivational drive, learning

liking + wanting motivational incentive value= reward

cortisol & NA compete, negative correlation, beta blocker can prevent NA causing stronger trauma memory trace

triggered by exposure to trauma, significant distress

simple spinal & brainstem reflexes

stereotypes/reflexive= hypothalamus

flexible/goal directed= amygdala

unconditioned activation of amygdala, related arousal, physiological dysregulation= enhances memory, cortisol reduced

motivational incentive value, not cog, conditioned, mesolimboc dopamine

negatively correlated

damage to specific region or thalami’s region between PFC & hindbrain regions controlling musculature

evolution, cross-cultural, blind, newborns

emotions do not elicit expressions even though person can voluntarily make the component movements

damage to region of motor cortex controlling face muscules or to neurones connecting the two

re-experiencing, avoidance, negative conditions, arousal