A 50-year-old businessman presents with a painful, swollen left calf following a recent flight from Los Angeles. You assess him for a possible deep vein thrombosis DVT). Which scoring system is recommended by NICE to assess the likelihood of DVT? Select ONE answer only.

A 50-year-old businessman presents with a painful, swollen left calf following a recent flight from Los Angeles. You assess him for a possible deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and as part of your assessment, you measure his calves. What is the CUT-OFF level suggested by NICE as increasing the probability of a DVT? Select ONE answer only.

A 50-year-old businessman presents with a painful, swollen left calf following a recent flight from Los Angeles. You assess him for a possible deep vein thrombosis (DVT). As part of your assessment, you calculate a two-level Wells score, which is one point. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in his management? Select ONE answer only.

You review a 50-year-old man with a swollen, erythematous right calf. His D-dimer is elevated, and you organise an ultrasound scan that reveals a deep vein thrombosis DVT) in his right calf. He has had a previous DVT and his INR today is 2.5. Which is the SINGLE most appropriate management option?

You review a 50-year-old man with a swollen, erythematous right calf and thigh. His D-dimer is elevated, and you organise an ultrasound scan, which reveals a proximal vein thrombosis(DVT). He has no past medical history of note and no known drug allergies. Which of the following anticoagulants is recommended for the first-line treatment of DVT by the current NICE guidelines? Select ONE answer only.

You review a 50-year-old man with a swollen, erythematous right calf. His D-dimer is elevated, and you organise an ultrasound scan, which reveals a vein thrombosis (DVT) in his right calf. He has no past medical history of note and no known drug allergies. Which of the following anticoagulants is recommended for the first-line treatment of DVT by the current NICE guidelines? Select ONE answer only.

You review a 70-year-old man with a diagnosis of prostate cancer. He presents with left leg swelling, erythema and tenderness. You organise an ultrasound scan of his leg, which reveals a large proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT). He has had no previous episodes of venous thromboembolism and has no other past medical history of note. Which is the SINGLE most appropriate choice of anticoagulant?

A 50-year-old businessman presents with a painful, swollen left calf following a recent flight from Los Angeles. You assess him for a possible deep vein thrombosis (DVT). At which of the following locations do the NICE guidelines recommend that you measure the calf circumference? Select ONE answer only.

A 59-year-old man is being treated for a left-sided deep venous thrombosis. He has been started on warfarin two days ago and is currently also receiving subcutaneous dalteparin. He presents again with a sudden worsening of the pain and increased swelling and discolouration of his left leg. A photo of the leg is shown below: Which of the following underlying medical conditions is most likely to be present? Select ONE answer only.

A 59-year-old man is being treated for a left-sided deep venous thrombosis. He has been started on warfarin two days ago and is currently also receiving subcutaneous dalteparin. He presents again with a sudden worsening of the pain and increased swelling and discolouration of his left leg. A photo of the leg is shown below: What is the SINGLE most likely diagnosis?

A 50-year-old businessman presents with a painful, swollen left calf following a recent flight from Los Angeles. You assess him for a possible deep vein thrombosis (DVT). As part of your assessment, you calculate a two-level Wells score, which is two points. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in his management? Select ONE answer only.

A 74-year-old man presents with dizziness and severe abdominal pain. His observations show that he is tachycardic and profoundly hypotensive. A bedside ultrasound scan is then performed, which is shown below: What is the view in the image?

A 74-year-old man presents with dizziness and severe abdominal pain. His observations show that he is tachycardic and profoundly hypotensive. A bedside ultrasound scan is then performed, which is shown below: What is the SINGLE most likely diagnosis?

A 74-year-old man is reviewed in an outpatient clinic for his abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Which of the following is an indication for elective surgery for an AAA in UK clinical practice? Select ONE answer only.

A 75-year-old man is brought in by ambulance to the resuscitation area of your Emergency Department. He developed sudden onset back pain and then collapsed whilst gardening at home. On examination, he is pale and clammy, and you can palpate a pulsatile abdominal mass. You suspect that he has a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). What is the most appropriate initial imaging modality for the assessment of this patient? Select ONE answer only.

You perform an ultrasound scan to assess the aorta of an elderly patient with abdominal pain. Please refer to the scan below: Which anatomical structure is labelled D on the scan above? Select ONE answer only.

A 81-year-old man has presented to the Emergency Department with diarrhoea. He has no pain. On abdominal examination, a pulsatile mass was noted and a contrast CT of the abdomen was ordered. An image from the CT is shown below. His remains stable and he is well enough for discharge. What would be the most appropriate action regarding his CT finding?

A 73-year-old man has presented with sudden onset, severe abdominal pain. He is conscious and has a blood pressure of 96/74mmg. An ultrasound shows an abdominal aortic aneurysm measuring 7.2cm in antero-posterior diameter. Transfer to the nearest Vascular Surgery unit is being arranged. Which of the following actions is most appropriate?

You perform an ultrasound scan to assess the aorta of an elderly patient with abdominal pain. Please refer to the scan below: Which anatomical structure is labelled C on the scan above? Select ONE answer only.

You perform an ultrasound scan to assess the aorta of an elderly patient with abdominal pain. Please refer to the scan below: Which anatomical structure is labelled B on the scan above? Select ONE answer only.

You perform an ultrasound scan to assess the aorta of an elderly patient with abdominal pain. Please refer to the scan below: Which anatomical structure is labelled A on the scan above? Select ONE answer only.

A 75-year-old man with a long smoking history and a known diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease presents with likely acute limb ischaemia. Which investigation should be arranged if the diagnosis is in doubt? Select ONE answer only.

A 75-year-old man with a long smoking history and a known diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease presents with likely acute limb ischaemia. Following a set of investigations, an embolus is suspected as the underlying cause. Which of the following investigations will be most helpful in identifying the source of the embolus? Select ONE answer only.

A 75-year-old man with a long smoking history and a known diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease presents with likely acute limb ischaemia. Following a set of investigations, an embolus is suspected as the underlying cause. Which of the following investigations will be LEAST helpful in identifying the source of the embolus? Select ONE answer only.

A 75-year-old man with a long smoking history and a known diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease presents with likely acute limb ischaemia. Following a set of investigations, an embolus is suspected as the underlying cause. Which of the following investigations will be most helpful in identifying the source of the embolus? Select ONE answer only.

A 75-year-old man with a long smoking history and a known diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease presents with likely acute limb ischaemia. Following a set of investigations, an embolus is suspected as the underlying cause. Which of the following investigations will be most helpful in identifying the source of the embolus? Select ONE answer only.

A 75-year-old man with a long smoking history and a known diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease presents with likely acute limb ischaemia. Following a set of investigations, an embolus is suspected as the underlying cause. Which of the following features is MOST CONSISTENT with an embolus as the underlying cause as opposed to a thrombus? Select ONE answer only.

A 75-year-old man with a long smoking history and a known diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease presents with likely acute limb ischaemia. Which of the following is the most common cause of acute limb ischaemia? Select ONE answer only.

A 75-year-old man with a long smoking history and a known diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease presents with likely acute limb ischaemia. Following a set of investigations, an embolus is suspected as the underlying cause. Which of the following features is MOST CONSISTENT with a thrombus as the underlying cause as opposed to an embolus? Select ONE answer only.

A 75-year-old man with a long smoking history and a known diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease presents with likely acute limb ischaemia. Following a set of investigations, an embolus is suspected as the underlying cause. Which of the following investigations will be LEAST helpful in identifying the source of the embolus? Select ONE answer only.

A 75-year-old man with a long smoking history and a known diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease presents with likely acute limb ischaemia. Following a set of investigations, an embolus is suspected as the underlying cause. Which of the following features is MOST CONSISTENT with a thrombus as the underlying cause as opposed to an embolus? Select ONE answer only.

A 75-year-old man with a long smoking history and a known diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease presents with likely acute limb ischaemia. Following a set of investigations, an embolus is suspected as the underlying cause. Which of the following features is MOST CONSISTENT with an embolus as the underlying cause as opposed to a thrombus? Select ONE answer only.

A 59-year-old man with a history of ischaemic heart disease has presented with a painful right leg which he noticed on waking three hours earlier. You phone the vascular surgeon on call who asks if you think that this is acute or acute-on-chronic ischaemia. Which of the following clinical features is most suggestive of acute-on-chronic ischaemia?

A 81-year-old man has presented to the Emergency Department with diarrhoea. He has no pain. On abdominal examination, a pulsatile mass was noted and a contrast CT of the abdomen was ordered. An image from the CT is shown below. His remains stable and he is well enough for discharge. What would be the most appropriate action regarding his CT finding?

A 73-year-old man has presented with sudden onset, severe abdominal pain. He is conscious and has a blood pressure of 96/74mmHg. An ultrasound shows an abdominal aortic aneurysm measuring 7.2cm in antero-posterior diameter. Transfer to the nearest Vascular Surgery unit is being arranged. Which of the following actions is most appropriate?

A 59 year old female presents with dyspnoea ten days after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. She has no other respiratory symptoms and no significant past medical history. On examination she has a swollen, tender left calf. Her observations are as follows: Temperature 37.1 degrees Celsius Heart rate 105 beats per minute Blood pressure 112/68mmHg Respiratory rate 24 breaths per minute Oxygen saturation 96% on room air What is the single best next diagnostic step

A 59-year-old woman has presented with a four-day history of shortness of breath. You are considering whether she may have a pulmonary embolism. She is overweight but otherwise in good health. She takes no regular medication and has no recent medical history. Her vital signs are normal and there are no clinical features of deep venous thrombosis on clinical examination. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?

A 71-year-old man has been diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in his left leg extending to his groin. The next available DVT clinic appointment is in three days. Which of the following is most appropriate?