These are a function of a body's internal geodynamic activity

3 processes that endogenic processes comprise

2 categories of the internal heat sources of the earth

In primordial heat, ______ energy will transform into ______ energy

Heat from accretion and bombardment of the Earth during early stages of formation

The heat generated by long term radioactive decay: its main sources are the 4 main long live isotopes

4 main long live isotopes

The asthenosphere is located between the ??

Core mantle boundary estimated temperature

Inner core - outer core boundary estimated temperature

Earth's center estimated temperature

3 Redistribution of the earth's heat

Heat transfer occurs between objects by direct contact

Heat transfer where in the less dense or warmer rises and the cooler sinks

Heat transfer occurs through electromagnetic waves and force without involving particles

This process occurs when solid materials such as rocks and minerals are melted due to an increase in temperature, pressure, and volatiles

3 special conditions required for the formation of magma

Where does magma form

The rising magma in mantle convection cell brings heat to the surface, transferring heat to the overlying rocks.

These work promoting the partial melting of rocks along the spreading center

The source of heat for _______ is much deeper compared to mid- ocean ridges

The presence of water during generation results to the formation of hydrous or watery minerals, which when paired with the change in temperature and pressure conditions, brings about mineral instability, and the formation of the surrounding hot rocks into magma.

Process where the seafloor uplifts or rises above the sea level

The same elements combined or bonded together are called

4 long-lived isotopes also called as ?

The combination of elements that is already vaporized is called ?

____ rises due to contact between magma and rocks

2 forces of tectonic plates

Refers to a stress which stretches rocks in two opposite directions

Tension forms _____ boundary

Tension forms ______

Refers to force where plates pushed toward each other causing them to crash

Compression forms ______ boundary

Compression forms _____

Tension goes ____

Compression goes ____

Defined as a bend in rock due to compressional forces

Folding is the pressure of _____ plates causing the crust to fold and buckle

Fold results to creation of ____ and ____

2 main types if folds

A fold that arches upward

A fold that bends downward

Earths crust completely breaks and slides past each other

Fault is due to _______ plates

3 types of plate boundary

This boundary happens when to plates come together

When convergent boundary happens, it will form a _______ as landform and _______ as seaform

This plate boundary occurs when 2 tectonic plates move away from each other

Divergent plate boundary forms a ??

This plate boundary happens when tectonic plates move in opposite direction

Two plates sliding past each other forms a ________ plate boundary

Transform plate boundary forms ??

How layers of rock form

To shift or to change irregularly (rocks)

Used to describe items being composed of layers

Causes of stratification

These are preserved remains of plants and animals whose bodies are buried in sediments, such as sand and mud, under ancient seas, lakes, and rivers

What law does nicholas steno created and considered as his most famous contribution in geology

What law is this?? Layers of rocks are arranged in time sequence, oldest on bottom and youngest on top, unless later processes disturb this arrangement

Layers of rocks are arranged in time sequence, oldest on _______ and youngest on _____, unless later processes disturb this arrangement

Methods to determine the age of the stratified rocks

A method of arranging geological events based on the rock sequence

A method of determining rocks wherein it can't provide actualy numerical dates of rocks

It only tells that one rock is older than the other but does not tell how old each of the rock is

Rocks settle based on their relative ______ and ________ in a fluid, based on Steno's law of superposition

The ______ or _____ particles settle first, and the ______ or the ______ settle last

Any slight changes in the particle size or composition may result in the formation of layers called ____

A method that gives an actual date of the rock or period of an event

Absolute dating is also called as?

It is a method used to determine the age of rocks by measuring its radioactive decay

Radioactive decay refers to?

The 4 long-lived isotopes are also called as ?

2 examples of absolute dating

Absolute dating for organic remains could date up to 60,000 years

Absolute dating for volcanis rocks could date up to 5 billion years