1. clecos 2. clamps 3. bolts/nuts

instrument placed against a surface to determine wether or not it is level

quick release clamps with high strength, easier and faster to use than C-clamps

improves fatigue resistance of aircraft structures made from aluminum alloys “improves resistance to cracking”

“ream hole/ check with gauge” to find final size • use pin-end of combination gage to confirm size

can’t be re-used

bolts exert “radial compressive forces” onto material surrounding hole during install and thereby cold work fastener hole

True, corrosion protection destroyed

chromic acid based coating •produces chrome conversion coating on aluminum

applied by; 1. dipping 2. spraying 3. brushing

protects fastener holes and “increases resistance from corrosion” •ensure primer is uniformly applied to manuals specs

so rivets can be driven without damage to aircraft structure and shop head conforms to prescribed dimensions. some rivits are too hard from supplier and must be softened by heat treating.

• 2017 “become hard after 1 hour” • 2024 “become hard after 10 mins”

1.“rivet vendors specification” 2. “aircraft manufacturers specification” 3. ASM “American society for metals” •aircraft manufacturer may require vendor to heat treat rivers according to their spec.

yes

flap peened to “relieve stresses caused by milling, drilling or machine lathe “ •ensures metal surface able to withstand stress load

replaces tensile stress on surface with a compressive layer. •compressive layer stops fatigue cracks and stress corrosion

increasing the intensity

perform “Almen” test •Allan gauge/ check block

telescope assures the technician the ability to maintain straightness, flatness, plumb and squareness at any given installation. •very accurate

come in many different shapes and sizes. “tapered tip” are easier for part loading. superior to standard dowel pins

the allowable deviation from a standard distance.

tolerance

min 2d -4d max universal

min 2.5D - 4D max countersunk

“zero” •creates loose connection in riveted lap joint, leads to damage or failure of riveted lap joint, affects whole assembly.

read MSDS first

water break test

“joint strength is only as good as it’s weakest points” •will cause uneven stress distribution

thermosetting: cannot be heated and reused again thermoplastic: can be reheated and reused again

low density, light weight fillers that resist chip outs and breakouts. bonding potted inserts, void filling, honey comb edge filling

1. face sheild 2. leather gloves 3. apron 4. safety hat 5. leather boots 6. respirator (depending on fumes)

thicker material = higher amperage thinner material = lower amperage

controls the amount of time the current flows into the welding transformer

hi-tigue

1. stop metal - metal contact 2. create seperation between fasteners and structure

they must be “anodized” before first reheat treatment •prevents intergranular oxidation

so that assemblies conform to specifications in drawing or technical information

max 1.027 min 1.022

.007”

quality control of the overall process. ensures correct procedure are being carried out, “alignment, corrosion protection, proper torque on fasteners”

tearing out of material or fatigue cracking

edges may curl up

so that ”parts fit in assembly without stress and distortion”. •edge distances maintained and dimensions and tolerances conform to drawings

bend radius

plum bob

tapered pin is easy for part loading

read MSDS first!

“unbroken” WATER sheeting

“welders manual” will include a chart for setting heat/ amperage range for thickness

“ensures the parts will fit before they’re installed” (stage inspection) •part must be removed from jigs without damage or loss of alignment to ensure compliance with applicable standards.

where atmosphere contains flammable dust, gas or liquid vapours such as “gasoline”

improves fatigue resistance of aircraft structure

anodize

countersunk

.5D height 1.5D width

metric / imperial

bend radius + material thickness