Routine decisions are concerned with the problems of repetitive nature or routine type matters

Tactical Decisions are non-repetitive in nature and are taken after careful analysis and evaluation of many alternatives

Organizational decisions are taken by group of individuals constituted in the form of a standing committee. Generally, very important and pertinent matters for the organization are referred to this committee

The first step in the decision making process is defining the problem

Programmed decisions are taken generally by lower-level managers, decision of this type may pertain to eg. purchase of raw materials, granting leave to an employee and supply of goods and implements to the employees etc.

One of the steps in the decision - making process is evaluating and analyzing data. This involves collecting quantitative data from actual experiments, accounting records, project records, statistical reports, government reports and other punlications

A decision tree depicts future decision points and possible chance events. One can also improve the usefulness of the tree by adding probabilities that various uncertain events will happen

Through Markovian techniques, the engineer manager can introduce constants and variables. associated with the problem, establish possible solutions, and use criteria to measure their effectiveness.

Usually, routine type decisions are taken by individuals within the broad policy framework of the organization

one of the principles of decision making is that the engineer manager needs to view problems as opportunities for the organization.

Routine decisions are concerned with the problems of repetitive nature or routine type matters

Programmed decisions are taken generally by lower-level managers. Decisions of this type may pertain to eg. purchase of raw materials, granting leave to an employee and supply of goods and implementations to the employees etc.

One of the steps in the decision-making process is evaluating and analyzing data. this involves collecting quantitative data from from actual experiments, accounting records, statistical reports, government reports and other publications

A decision tree makes it possible to see the directions that actions might take from various decision points. It depicts the future decision points and possible chance events

Tactical decisions are non-repetitive in nature and are taken after careful analysis and evaluation of many alternatives

Organizational decisions are taken by group of individuals constituted in the form of a standing committee. Generally, very important and pertinent matters for the organization are referred to this committee

The first step in the decision-making process is defining the problem

Through network techniques, the engineer manager can introduce constants and variables associated with the problem, establish possible solutions, and use criteria to measure their effectiveness

Usually, routine type decisions are taken by individuals within the broad policy framework of the organization

As an engineer manager, one of his primary functions will be to make decisions that determine the future direction of the department and of other parts of the organization over both the short and long term.

The qualifications of a technical engineer are also the same as the qualifications of an engineer manager

Engineera who are promoted into management are often left to wallow in a new atmosphere of complications for which they have had little or no preparation.

An engineer manager is trained and knowledgeable in making decisions based on theories and laws governing the behvaior of the physical world

Training refers to the "learning that is provided in order to improve performance on the present job"

termination is the last option that the management exercises when an employee's performance is poor or when he/she committed an act violating the company's rules and regulations.

An engineer manager has limited concern about finances and work on specific programs in the company or institution

Decisions concerning payment of bonus to employees is an example of routine decision

The decision to grant a leave for an employee is an example of a tactical decision

Staffing is undertaken to match people with jobs so that the realization of the organizations objectives will be facilitated

A comprehensive and careful definition of the problem is the key to effective problem solving

In gathering data for decision-making, nonquantitative data are often analyzed using a rating scale

The engineer managed needs to view problems as opportunities for the organization

Recruitment refers to attracting qualified persons to apply for vacant positions in the company so that those who are best suited to serve the company may be selected

Organizing is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who is to do it

Operational Planning focuses on identifying worthwhile future activities. It sets the goals, purpose and direction of a company

Strategic planning is also called platform-based planning because it extrapolates future results from a well-understood, predictable platform of past experience results of such planning are predictable because they are based on solid knowledge rather than assumptions

The second step in planning is the setting of objectives.

SWOT analysis is a management method whereby an organization can assess major external factors that influence its operation in order to become more competitive in the market

Coersive organizations are characterized by a focus on activity and shared purpose.

Utilitarian organizations are defined by voluntary membership, though for some membership comes from a sense of duty.

Informal organizations are formed inside formal organizations but doesnt show up on its organizational chart.

In an organization, rather than ignore or try to suppress the grapevine, managers should make an attempt to tune to it

The organizational chart illustrates the chain of command in a certain company

The delegation of authority is an organizational process, wherein, the manager divides his work among the subordinates and give them the responsibility to accomplish respective tasks

An engineer manager may delegate his/her full authority to a subordinate in case he/she is on leave

Delegation means giving power to the subordinate to act independently but within the limits prescribed by the superior

Small firms or companies are more likely to have a functional type of organization

The line and staff organizational structure provides and uses people with specialized knowledge, thereby relieving the line people of the requirement of knowing everything

One disadvantage of a functional type of organization is that decision making is delayed because line must obtain advice from staff

Authority allows its holder to act in certain designated ways and to direct influence the action of others through orders.