FORENSIC 3

100問 • 10ヶ月前

問題一覧

One in which the facts appearing therein are not true, and are contested either in the whole or in part with respect to its authenticity identity, or origin.

QUESTION DOCUMENT

Any material containing marks, symbols, or signs either visible, partially visible that may present or ultimately convey a meaning to someone.

DOCUMENT

any document about which some issue has been raised or which is under scrutiny, or of doubtful origin.

QUESTIONED DOCUMENT

are condensed and compact set of authentic specimen which is adequate and proper, should contain a cross section of the material form it source. They are used by the document examiner as the basis for his identification or non-identification of the questioned document.

STANDARD D0CUMENT

any instrumentnotarized by a notary public or competent public official with solemnities required by law.

PUBLIC DOCUMENT

any instrument executed in accordance with the Code of Commerce or any Mercantile Law, containing disposition of commercial rights or obligations.

COMMERCIAL DOCUMENT

every deed or instrument executed by a private person without the intervention of a notary public or of any person legally authorized by which documents, some disposition or agreement is proved evidenced or set forth.

PRIVATE DOCUMENT

any instrument issued by the government or its agents or its officers having the authority to do so and the offices, which in accordance with their creation, they are authorized to issue and be issued in the performance of their duties.

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT

Any material, which some issue has been raised or which is under scrutiny.

QUESTIONED

Document is questioned because its origins, is contents, or the circumstance and story regarding its production arouse suspicion as to its genuineness or it may adversely scrutinize simple because it displeases someone.

QUESTIONED DOCUMENT

any mater made a pat of the document after its original preparation may be referred to as ________.

ADDITION

A scientific conclusion results form relating observed facts by logical, common-sense reasoning in accordance with established rules of laws.

CONCLUSION

The document examiner's conclusion, in legal term is referred to as _______.

OPINION

One who studies scientifically the details and elements of documents in order to identify their source or to discover other facts concerning them.

DOCUMENT EXAMINER

Document examiners are often referred to as ____________?

HANDWRITING IDENTIFICATION EXPERT

The removal of writings, typewriting or printing, from a document. It may be accomplished by either of two means.

ERASURE

A form of erasure in which the writing is removed or bleached by chemical agents

CHEMICAL ERADICATION

A form of erasure where the writing is effaced by rubbing with a rubber eraser or seratching out with a knife or other sharp with implement.

ABRASIVE ERASURE

It is the act of making a close and critical study of any material and with questioned documents, it is the process necessary to discover the facts about them.

EXAMINATION

A legal term used to describe a witness who by reason of his special training or experience is permitted to express an opinion regarding the issue, or a certain aspect of the issue, which is involved in a court action.

EXPERT WITNESS

The document examiner testifies in court as an ________?

EXPERT WITNESS

a common name for the document examiner.

HANDWRITING IDENTIFICATION EXPERT

it is the state of being identical or absolutely the same as in similarity of source or authorship of the questioned document and the standard document.

IDENTIFICATION

the addition of writing and the material between lines or paragraphs or the addition of whole page to a document.

INSERTION OR INTERLINEATION

it means the source or authorship of the compared questioned and standard specimens is different.

NON-IDENTIFICATION

the blotting out or shearing over the writing to make the original invisible to as an addition.

OBLITERATION

In legal language, it refers to the document examiner's conclusion.

OPINION

The professional experience, education, and ability of a document examiner. Before he is permitted to testify as an expert witness, the court must rule that he is qualified in his field.

QUALIFICATION

This involves the detection of forgery, erasure, alteration or obliteration of documents.

CRIMINALISTICS EXAMINATION

BRITISH Examiner of questioned documents said that an intelligent police investigator can detect almost 75% of all forgeries by careful inspection of a document with simple magnifiers and measuring tools.

Dr. Wilson Harrison

This is more focused in determining the author of writing. It is more difficult procedure and requires long study and experience.

HANDWRITING INVESTIGATION or ANALYSIS

WILL entirely written in the handwriting of the testator.

HOLOGRAPHIC WILL

WILL signed by the testator acknowledge before a notary public with 3 witnesses.

NOTARIAL WILL

The most useful and effective protective covering of a disputed documents is a __________?

TRANSPARENT PLASTIC ENVELOP

It is the result of a very complicated series of acts being used as a whole combination of certain forms of visible mental and muscular habits acquired by long, continued painstaking effort.

HANDWRITING

any writing executed normally without any attempt to control or alter its identifying habits and its usual quality of execution.

NATURAL HANDWRITING

a writer may deliberately try to alter his usual writing habits in hope of hiding his identity, writing skill is poorer, change in slant, size, altered of capital letters.

DISGUISED WRITING

series of lines of curves written in a single letter. The path traced by the pen on the paper.

STROKE

is series of lines or curves within the letters of the alphabet.

STROKES TRUCTURE-

a curved formed inside the top curve of loop, as in small letters "h", "n', "p".

ARC

any arcade form in the body of a letter found in small letters, which contain arches.

ARCH

is the top portion of a letter or upper loop.

ASCENDER

maybe actually on a ruled paper, it might be imaginary alignment of writing. Is the ruled or imaginary line upon which the writing rests?

BASELINE

preliminary embellished initial stroke which usually occurs in capital letters

BEADED

is the rudimentary initial up stroke of a letter.

BEARD

the beginning and ending stroke of a letter. (Without hesitation)

BLUNT

the main portion of the letter, minus the initial of strokes. The terminal strokes and the diacritic, of any. Ex. The oval of the letter "O" is the body, minus the downward stroke and the loop.

BODY

a fully rounded oval or circular form on a letter complete into "O.

BOWL

a loop made as a flourished which is added to the letters, as in small letter "k & "a', or in capital letters "A" "K" "P". The horizontal end loop stroke that are often used to complete a letter.

BUCKLE/BUCKLEKNOT

a bad writing

CACOGRAPHY

the art of beautiful writing.

CALLIGRAPHY

opposite of ascender, the lower portion ofa letter.

DESCENDER

" crossing and dots of the letter i and j . The matters of the Indian script are also known as diacritic signs. An element added to complete a certain letter, either a cross bar or a dot.

DIACRITIC

the end stroke of a letter.

ENDING/TERMINATE STROKE OF TOE

a small loop or curved formed inside the letters. This may occur inside the oval of the letters "a' "d" "o". The small loop form by stroke that extend in divergent direction as in small letters.

EYE/EYELETEYELOOP

the lower part which rest on the baseline. The small letter "m" has three feet, and the small letter "n' have two feet.

FOOT

any repeated elements or details, which may serve to individualize writing.

HABITS

the term applied to the irregular thickening of ink which is found when writing slows down or stop while the pen take a stock of the position

HESITATION

a gap occurring between continuous strokes without lifting the pen. Such as occurrence usually.

HIATUS/PEN JUMP

it is a minute curve or an ankle, which often occurs at the end of the terminal strokes. It is also sometimes occurs at the beginning of an initial strokes. The terminal curves of the letters "a' "d", "n", "m", "p", "u' is the hook. In small leter "w' the initial curve is the hook.

HOOK

upper portion of its letter "m"" n', "h", "k" The rounded outside of the top of the bed stroke or curve in small letter.

HUMP

the extra deposit of ink in the initial and terminal stroke due to the slow withdrawal of the pen from the paper (usually applicable to fountain pen).

KNOB

the stroke that connects two stroke of letter. Characterized by connected strokes between letters.

LIGATURE/CONNECTION

those letters with both upper and lower loops.

LONG LETTER

an oblong curve such as found on the small letter "P" "go', "" and letter strokes has two. A loop may be blind or open. A blind loop is usually the result of the ink having filled the open space.

LOOP

a capital letter

MAJUSCLE

a small letter

MINUSCLE

this refer to the continuity of stroke force writing is usually produce by disconnected and broken movements than genuine writing.

MOVEMENT IMPULSES

the portion of the letter, which is oval in shape. The small letter stroke. "A', "ở', "g" & "a' contain oval letter "a', "t, while coming down.

OVAL

retouching or going back over a defective portion of a written stroke. Careful patching is common defect on forgeries.

PATCHING

an interruption in a stroke caused by removing the writing instrument From the paper.

PEN LIFT

any part of a stroke, which is super, imposed upon the original stroke. Ex. Vertical strokes off the letter d", T while coming downward from the top bottom will have a retracing stroke. Any stroke, which goes back over another writing stroke. In natural handwriting there may instances in which the pen doubled back over the course.

RETRACE/RETRACING

outside portion of the top curve small letter "m" has three shoulders and the small letter "n" has two, the small letter "h" has one shoulder.

SHOULDER

a short initial or terminal stroke.

SPUR

any major long downward stroke of a letter that is the long downward stroke of the letter "b', "g"

STAFF

the upright long downward strokes that is the trunk or stalk, normally seen in capital leters.

STEM OR SHANK

any short stroke, which usually occurs at the top of the letters.

TICK/HITCH

a writing weakness portrayed by irregular shaky strokes

TREMOR

is the relation of parts of the whole of writing or line of individual letters in words to the baseline.

ALIGNMENT

is any property or mark, which distinguish and in document examination commonly called to as the identifying details.

CHARACTERISTICS

not all characteristics encountered in document examination are peculiar to a single person or thing and one, which is common to a group.

CLASS CHARACTERISTICS

Characteristics, which is highly personal or peculiar, and it is unlikely to occur in other instances.

INDIVIDUAL OR PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS

used in this text means the critical comparison on side-by-side examination.

COLLATION

- the act of setting two or more items side by side to weigh their identifying qualities. It refers not only a visual but also the mental act in which the element of one item are related to the counterparts of the other.

COMPARISON

the writer's chosen writing style. The way the writing looks, whether it is copybook, elaborated, simplified, or printed. This refers to the shape or design of the individual letters.

FORM

the movement of the pen toward the writer.

DOWN STROKE

is an important element in handwriting. It embraces all the factors, which are related to the motion of the writing instrument skill, speed, freedom, hesitation, rhythm, emphasis, tremors and the like. The manner in which the writing instrument I is move that is byy finger, hand forearm or whole arm.

MOVEMENT

the thumb, the first, second and slightly the third fingers are in actual motion.

Finger Movement

produced by the movement or action of the whole hand with the wrist as the center of attraction.

Hand Movement

the movement of the shoulder, hand and arm with the support of the table.

Forearm Movement

action of the entire arm without resting. Ex. blackboard writing.

Whole Forearm Movement

properties of characteristics, observed or measured.

Analysis (Recognition)

properties or characteristics of the unknown determined thought analysis are now compared with the familiar or recorded properties of known items.

Comparison

similarities or dissimilarities in properties or characteristics will each have certain Value for identification, likelihood of determined by its occurrence.

Evaluation

it is the process of double checking the acCuracy and Correctness of the examination USUally conducted by other experts in the said field.

Verification

It is the initial examination conducted on a document to determine whether it is genuine or not. It is not misnomer, for in reality it consists of painstaking analysis more than looking at a document and expressing an off-hand opinion.

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF DOCUMENTS

push up the pen to form the upward strokes

extensor muscle

push the pen to from the downward strokes.

flexor muscle

Sharp, straight strokes that are made by stopping the pen and changing direction before continuing.

ANGULAR FORMS

100

Forms that look like arches rounded on the top and open at the bottom.

ARCADE FORMS

CDI 2

Honeylyn Joy Rirao · 27問 · 10ヶ月前

CDI 2