Scientists use ________ data analysis to evaluate the quality of experimental measurements, to test various hypotheses, and to develop models to describe experimental results.

All measurements contain ______ _____, so it is never possible to be completely certain of a result

Experimental measurements always contain some _______.

_________ gives us tools to accept conclusions that have a high probability of being correct and to reject conclusions that do not

Gaussian Distribution When we make a measurement, we expect to get the ____ _____.

Gaussian Distribution When we make a measurement, we expect to get the true value. This is known as the _______ _____ or the population (true) mean μ.

If the errors are purely random Then the result tends to cluster ____________ to the average value

The more times the experiment is repeated, the more closely the results approach an ideal smooth curve called the ________ ________.

The ______ _____, are characterized by two parameters Mean Value and Standard Deviation

____also called the average, is the sum of the measured values divided by n, the number of measurements:

________ ______ measures how closely the data are clustered about the mean.

The smaller the standard deviation, the more ______ the data are clustered about the mean

An experiment that produces a small standard deviation is more ______ than one that produces a large standard deviation.

Defining a numerical interval around the mean of a set of replicate results within which the population mean can be expected to lie with a certain probability. This interval is called the _______ _______.

Statisticians use confidence intervals to measure _______ in an estimate of a population parameter based on a sample.

Confidence intervals measure the degree of uncertainty or _______ in a sampling method

With statistics, however, we can establish an interval surrounding the experimentally determined mean x within which the population mean m is expected to lie with a certain degree of probability. Sometimes the limits of the interval are called _______ _______.

________ __ is a statistical tool used most frequently to express confidence intervals and to compare results from different experiments.

Use __ _______. If the population standard deviation is known or the sample is at least 30

Use _ ______, If the population standard deviation is unknown and the sample is less than 30.

Like the normal distribution, the t-distribution has a _____shape

Like the normal distribution, the t-distribution is _______. If you think about folding it in half at the mean, each side will be the same.

In t-distribution, As the sample size _______, the t-distribution becomes more similar to a normal distribution.