1. Harvest chicken during cooler part of the day – early in the morning or later in the afternoon. 2. Handle birds with care. 3. Do not carry too many birds at one time. 4. Use coops in transporting birds to designated collection area. 5. Use appropriate catching tool. 6. Weighing of the birds. 7. Consider weather conditions at harvest 8. Harvester must be identified and familiar with harvesting chicken 9. The price of, and demand for the product 10. Harvester should be on their proper PPE, oriented on protocol of harvesting and precautionary measures.

Principle of Fairness

Composting

*Natural brooding *Artificial brooding

1. It is far from residential areas that may be affected by the smell produced by large number of chicken. However, in natural farming, odor is tolerable because of the bedding materials that include microorganisms which suppress the growth of non-beneficial microorganism that is responsible of bad odor. 2. It is on an elevated area that has good drainage and will not keep moisture. 3. It is exposed to ample sunlight. 4. The area is close to a source of water for cleaning and feeding. 5. If possible, must be built near owner’s house for convenience in managing. 6. Availability of electricity. 7. Availability of transportation. 8. Near to market place

Artificial brooding

*High external input *Use of synthetic compounded fertilizer *Use of pesticides, herbicides, growth regulators, pharmaceuticals, and livestock feed as additive *Emphasis on individual crop *Intensive monocropping genetic erosion *Use of modern varieties and F1 hybrids *Emphasis is on controlling natural processes *Belief in universal technologies, e.g., pesticide and fertilizer use, use of imported and packaged technologies *Use of technologies that exploit and destroy the natural resource base

Principle of Care

Darag(Iloilo/Panay)

Weed management

1. Restricted 2. Adlibitum 3. Combination

*Feeding through *Waterers *Lighting *Litter materials

Harvesting

Camarines(Bicol)

• Breed/strain and sources • Date and no. of chicks received • Average body weight of day-old chicks • Feed consumption • Mortality • Medication/supplements • Vaccination • Sales of its products (chicken harvested) • Empty feed bags • Feeds • Tools • Equipment • Materials – light, heat, water • Labor • Contingency (5% of cost of operation) • Repair and maintenance, 3% of building per year

FAA - Fish Amino Acids IMO - Indigenous microorganisms FPJ - Fermented plant juice FFJ - Fermentation fruit juice OHN - Oriental herbal nutrients *Water soluble calcium LABS - Lactic acid bacteria serum

Waste Management

Principle of Ecology

Natural brooding

Bolinao(Pangasinan)

Range System

*Long term sustainability *Internal solution to internal problems *Emphasis on management solution to problems *Responsive to feedback and participatory

*Low external input *To maintain soil fertility and productivity, rely upon crop rotation, recycling of crop residues, animal manure/cover crops, off-farm organic wastes and mineral bearing rocks *To manage insects, weeds, and other pests, utilize natural cultural and biological controls *R&D emphasis on farming systems and systems approach *Diversified enterprises within the farm, crops grown and cultivars used; biodiversity *Used of open pollinated cultivars, preserve and conserve traditional and improved cultivars *Emphasis is on working with natural processes *Recognizes location specificity of technologies, use of appropriate and indigenous technologies *Use of technologies that preserve and enrich the natural resource base

native chicken, cross with the “basilan origin” and some blood from Sasso.

Organic Farming

Paraokan(Palawan breed)

1. Longitudinal axis of poultry houses should be on an east-west orientation to avoid as much as possible inside the building. 2. Houses with natural ventilation should be no more than 10 m in width for efficient air movement. 3. Distance between houses should be at least equivalent to width of the building. 4. Roof eaves should be no less than 2.5 m from the floor level to reduce solar heat. 5. Roof overhang of 1.5 m should be provided to increase shaded area of the poultry house and to protect inside of building from driving rain. 6. Roof should have minimum slope of 35% to enhance air movement inside the poultry house. 7. Roof monitor to allow exit of hot air and entry of fresh air. 8. Shade trees can be planted at least 5 m away from poultry houses. 9. Use of roofing materials like aluminum and asbestos. 10. Reflective light color paint can be applied on the roof to help reduce solar heat. 11. House shall be constructed in an east-west orientation.

Belief in accountability and value laden

• Chicks should be healthy, alert and cleanly hatched. • Chicks should be uniform in size and color • There are no physical deformities such as crooked legs, splay legs, defective beak and head • Should be freed from unhealed navel and navel infection • Bright eyes • With dry and fluffy feathers • 21 day old chicks from organic farm from PNS/BAFPS 07:2003 ICS 65.020 (Organic Agriculture- Specification)

During Summer

1. Select stocks that are young and disease-free. 2. If the house to be used is an old poultry house, clean it very well first before housing the new set of animals. Sanitize the waterers and feeding troughs. 3. Spray the interior and exterior of the house including tools and equipments with disinfectant using detergent. 4. Preventive measures should be taken to protect flock from disease. Vaccination may be administered. Supplementing vitamins and minerals using concoctions to the feeds or water. 5. Maintain footbaths at all building entrances. 6. Proper waste disposal. Dead birds by burying and incineration while the feces and waste from rotten vegetables and fruits recycled as fertilizers.

Semi-Confinement System

Biosecurity

Socio-politically detached and ignores consequences

• Relying primarily on local, renewable resources • Making efficient use of solar energy and the production potential of biological systems • Maintaining the fertility of the soil • Maximizing the recirculation of plant nutrient and organic matter • Not using substances foreign to nature • Maintaining genetic diversity in the production system as well as the agricultural landscape • Giving farm animals life conditions that correspond to their ecological role and allow them a natural behavior.

*Vermicompost *Greenleaf Manures *Manures *Crop rotation *Biological Management *Biofertilizer *Animal Hasbandry

Age (days). Temperature (Celsius) 1 – 7 32.3 – 35.0 8 - 14 29.4 – 32.2 14 - 21 26.7 – 29.4

Principle of Health

Concoction

1. Proper ventilation 2. Convenient cleaning 3. Feeding 4. Harvesting of chicken and egg collection 5. Control of pests like rats, etc. 6. Frequency of typhoons, wind direction and velocity, humidity and temperature

*Priority is food security *Relies on available indigenous farm resource/ self-reliant *Places high value on human fulfillment and the environment

• Short-term benefits • External solutions to internal problems • Emphasis on technology solution to problems • Detachment

*Concentrates *Madre de agua *Ipil-ipil *Taro *Banana *Eggshells *Powdered Oyster Shells *Salt

• Health and well-being of animals must be ensured through preventive animal husbandry practices. • The well-being of the animals is superior in the choice of treatment. • Natural remedies and complementary medical methods have first priority. • Use of antibiotics for prophylactic purposes is not allowed however vaccinations could be carried out with direct supervision of duly licensed veterinarian with the condition of it is required legally or when an endemic disease is known in a region. • The use of steroids, other synthetic growth promoters or enhancers, hormones, and substances of synthetic in origin is prohibited

• Export and profit oriented • Capital intensive, usually need credit • Emphasis on commodity exchange in the market

Principle of ecology Principle of health Principle of Fairness Principle of Care

Healthcare

1. Conversion of land from conventional management to organic management 2. Management of the entire surrounding system to ensure biodiversity and sustainability of the system 3. Crop production with the use of alternative sources of nutrients such as crop rotation, residue management, organic manures and biological inputs. 4. Management of weeds and pests by better management practices, physical and cultural means and by biological control system 5. Maintenance of live stock in tandem with organic concept and make them an integral part of the entire system

• Reliable source of heat to prevent chilling of chicks • Balanced feed and abundant water for proper growth and development of young chicken • Strict hygiene and sanitation for prevention of diseases • Good supply of clean and dry litter • Correct curtain management • Consistent supply of artificial heat • Timely floor space adjustment • Brooding set up – Brooder set-up depends on the management practices of the farm • Chick placement and acceptance • Chick quality standard

Mutilation