Information is data with meaning.

Data is raw facts and figures which have not been processed and has no meaning.

8

ASCII AND BINARY

A whole number that can be negative or positive but does not have any decimal or fractional parts.

A number that is negative or positive and has decimal or fractional parts.

Real

real

integer

Date/Time Character String Integer Real

two

256

A pixel is the smallest unit of a digital image that can be displayed and edited.

Resolution is the quality of an image. The more pixels, the higher resolution, the larger the file size.

A series of binary digits

24

Bitmap graphics store every detail about every individual pixel of an image. Large file size, Loses quality when resized. Can be compressed which reduces file size.

Vector graphics store information about the components that makeup an image, eg lines, curves and shapes no loss of quality when resized, small file size.

JPEG BMP gif png

SVG ai shapes in word logos

photographs scanned images camera

cartoons clip art

points per inch

points per cm

dots per inch

Streaming allows a video to be viewed on a website as it downloads in real time

A buffer downloads the next part of the video and stores it before watching it. helps prevent possible disruptions if there are any delays in streaming.

sample rate bit depth bit rate

the number of sounds samples captured per second to represent sounds digitally.

the number of bits used for each sound sample. higher bit depth, higher quality.

The data measures in bits that us processed in a given amount of time

ADC Analogue to digital converter

a continuous varying signal that represents physical quantity

herts Hz

the ability to transfer data from one computer or one software to another without having to re enter it.

joint photographic experts group

Tagged image file format

portable network graphic

picture

graphics interchange format

text

comma separated values

rich text format

musical instrument digital interface

moving picture experts group

audio video interleaved

portable document format

windows audio waveform

windows media audio

data compression reduces file saize and maintains quality of the file. this means faster upload and download of these files

reduces file size by removing some data, eg the number of occurs used in an image. small reduction in quality. permanently removed data, can't be used on text.

lossless compression maintains quality of the file, no data loss. temporarily removes unnecessary data to send over internet but is restore once file is reopened. can be used on text

win zip slac tiff png

jpeg mp3 AAC

enables computer to do a particular task such as word processing

enables computer to operate it's hardware and application software

allocating memory storage processing time

organises use of main memory between data files as rehy are transferred to and from hard disk

manages storage of data in external devices such as a hard drive

OS divides time into number of time slices and depending on priority of tasks to be processed allocates each task a number of time slices

real time batch multi user

data is processed as soon as it is input data files updates before next transaction output generated is processed quickly enough to influence next input

collecting similar for ups of data over a period of time. data is input at an off peak time without human involvement.

involves many users at different computer sharing same processor is gives each computer a time slice (processor time)

airline booking concert booking online stock control air traffic control

billing system payroll system banking system

multi user database management systems

1024

A program that carries out a specific task to assist the operating system

Disk defragmentation Task scheduling Data backup and restore Antivirus software

rearranged all the data so that files are stored in adjacent blocks. stores all free blocks together in one place. speeds up time to access files because everything is together in same place.

automatically performs routine task at set time on computer, processor time is divided amongst number of tasks

a backup is a copy of the original data in case it is damaged or lost. you can backup file by uploading last rule onto system, you can backup complete data file (full) or only the data that has changed (incremental)

backup shutdown start up software updates

a virus is a program designed to cause damage to computer or enable hacker to enter computers

it detects, located and removes a virus. it scans all data files on a computer and compares these files to a known database of viruses. antivirus can also scan all devices connected to a computer eg usb

a software application used to store data

a number of records

a row in a table

a row in a table

it uniquely identifies a record

searches and filters data that satisfies query criteria

used to collect data to create a new record, modify existing record or view already creates records

reports are used to present results from queries in an effective manner

grouping together similar groups of data sorting- in ascending or descending order

databases are used to for many different things, a social network collects data about you. libraries use databases to know what books you have out on loan

a macro is a small program which automatically performs a repetitive task. the instructions in a macro will be executed with the click of a button. they add functionality to form and reports.

links two or more table using a relationship type

foreign key in different table

one to many one to one many to many

give organisations more flexibility in handling data

text number date/time currency yes/no (boolean) hyperlink auto number ole object attachment calculated look up wizard

involves a range of automatic checks to ensure data at input stage is sensible and within acceptable limits. computer either accepts this data or rejects it and displays error message

type check range check length check format check presence check

pet type = dog AND pet colour = white

pet colour = black OR pet colour = brown

AND OR BETWEEN < > <= >= <> =

refers to large amounts of data stored on a computer system which has the potential to be mines for information

VOLUME - amount of data stored by organisations VARIETY- different types of data VELOCITY- speed at which data can be processed

involves analysing large volumes of data to produce useful information. helps organisations make decisions and plan for future growth. data mining processes lots of data. when data is in different formats it makes processing data hard