HISTOPATH (lesson 1)

56問 • 2年前

Kmyching

通報

問題一覧

Due to arteriolar and capillary dilatation with increased rate of blood flow towards the site of injury

rubor (redness)

Due to increased capillary permeability causing extravasation of blood fluid; recruitment of phagocytes

tumor (swelling)

Due to transfer of internal heat to the surface or site of injury, brought about by increased blood content

calor (heat)

diminished function: Destruction of the functioning units of the tissue

functio laesa

Due to pressure upon the sensory nerve by the exudate/tumor

dolor. (pain)

a rapid response to an injurious agent that aims to rapidly bring mediators of inflammation HALLMARK: increased neutrophils and macrophage

acute inflammation

the escape of fluid, proteins and blood cells from the vascular system into interstitial tissue or body

exudation

increase specific gravity, increased protein with infection

exudate

low specific gravity

transudate

Represents and intergrade between acute and chronic

subchronic inflammation

Persistence of the injuring agent for weeks/years

chronic inflammation

CHANGES IN CELLULAR GROWTH PATTERNS: organ/tissues smaller than normal.

retrogressive changes

CHANGES IN CELLULAR GROWTH PATTERNS: organ/tissues larger than normal

progressive changes

CHANGES IN CELLULAR GROWTH PATTERNS: tissue have abnormalities

degenerative changes

incomplete/defective development of tissue/organ. Most commonly seen in one paired structures (kidneys, gonads, adrenals)

aplasia

non-appearance of an organ.

agenesia

failure of an organ to reach its full, mature size.

hypoplasia

failure of an organ to form an opening

atresia

refers to an acquired decrease in the size of a normally tissue or organ. Reduction in cell size.

atrophy

occurs as a natural consequence of maturation, as in atrophy of the thymus and lymphoid tissue during puberty. Sexual organs and brain begin to atrophy at age 50.

physiologic atrophy

refers to a decrease in size of organ, usually as a consequence of disease

pathologic atrophy

refers to an increase in size of tissues or organs due to increase in size. NO NEW CELLS

hypertrophy

usually seen in skeletal muscle, heart, kidneys, endocrine glands due to increased work load

True hypertrophy

due to edema fluid and connective tissue proliferation

false hypertrophy

involves one of paired organs when the opposite organ has been removed.

compensatory hypertrophy

refers to an increase in size of an organ or tissue due to increase in the number of cells. CELL DIVISION

hyperplasia

resulting from normal stimuli, hormonal such as hyperplasia of breast and uterus during pregnancy

physiological hyperplasia

stimulation of growth factors, excess hormonal stimulation, viral infection, nodular

pathologic hyperplasia

reversible change involving transformation in one type of adult cell to another

metaplasia

is the regressive alteration in adult cells manifested by variation in size, shape, and orientation. Usually reversible and do not lead to tumor formation - CHANGES IN STRUCTURE

dysplasia

usually used as criterion toward malignancy - irreversible, more primitive cells d

anaplasia

continuous abnormal proliferation of the cells without control (no purpose or function)

neoplasia

are those that do not produce death. Tumor is localized and doesn’t metastasize.

benign tumor

will produce death eventually, however small they may be and wherever they may be located. Invasive and destroys adjacent areas.

malignant tumor

Tumour implants continuous with the primary tumour. MOST RELIABLE FEATURE OF MALIGNANCY

metastasis

neoplasm penetrates into a ‘’natural field’’. Most often in the peritoneal cavity.

seeding within body cavities

most common pathway for CARCINOMAS (Epithelial)

lymphatic spread

most common pathway for SARCOMAS (connective tissue)

hematogenous spread

Grading of cancer attempts to establish some estimate of its AGGRESSIVENESS OR LEVEL OF MALIGNANCY based on the cytologic differentiation of tumor cells and the number of mitoses within the tumor.

grading of tumors

is based on the size of the primary lesion, its extent of spread to regional lymph nodes and the presence or absence of metastases.

staging

based upon the size of invasion

t score

indicates the extent of lymph node involvement

n score

indicates whether distant metastasis are present

m score

Greek: “MONSTROUS TUMORS” Tumor with normal tissue or organ components that are inappropriate to surrounding tissues May contain hair, teeth, bones and very rare eyeballs, torso and hands.

tetratomas

PROGRAM CELL DEATH”. vital process that helps eliminate unwanted cells. An internally programmed series of events effected by dedicated gene product.

apoptosis

physiologic death of cells

necrobiosis

pathologic death of cell which is due to disease or injury.

necrosis

SULFIDE GAS FORMATION”

gangrenous necrosis

involves the destruction of adipose tissue. Fat destruction due to release of pancreatic lipases. “CHALKY WHITE APPEARANCE”

fat necrosis

Refers to the death or complete cessation of metabolic and functional activities of the organism or body. Cells survive 4-6 minutes after lungs and heart stop functioning.

somatic death

this is the first demonstrable change observed, characterized by cooling of the body. 7°F PER HOUR

algor mortis

refers to the rigidity or stiffening of the muscles, occurring 6-12hours after death.

rigor mortis

refers to the purplish discoloration or lividity of the skin. Due to stasis and settling down of blood.

livor mortis

this implies self-digestion of the cells, bacteria enhance the destruction of tissue.

autolysis

refers to the drying and wrinkling of the cornea and the anterior chamber of the eyerefers to the drying and wrinkling of the cornea and the anterior chamber of the eye

desiccation

characterized by foul-smelling gases, due to multiplying saprophytic organisms

putrefaction

bacte (microbial control)

Kmyching · 26問 · 2年前

bacte (microbial control)

Collection

Collection

Histopath (somatic death)

Kmyching · 25問 · 2年前

Histopath (somatic death)

fresh tissue

fresh tissue

Staphylococcus

Staphylococcus

lesson 1 (cell injury, adaptation and inflammation and repair)

Kmyching · 67問 · 2年前

lesson 1 (cell injury, adaptation and inflammation and repair)

biopsy

biopsy

autopsy

autopsy

decalcification

decalcification

DEHYDRATION AND CLEARING

Kmyching · 27問 · 2年前

DEHYDRATION AND CLEARING

27問 • 2年前

Kmyching

IMPREGNATION AND EMBEDDING

Kmyching · 21問 · 2年前

IMPREGNATION AND EMBEDDING

21問 • 2年前

Kmyching

TRIMMING AND SECTIONING

Kmyching · 35問 · 2年前

TRIMMING AND SECTIONING

35問 • 2年前

Kmyching

adhesive and staining

Kmyching · 43問 · 2年前

adhesive and staining

43問 • 2年前

Kmyching

COMMON STAINING SOLUTION

Kmyching · 19問 · 2年前

COMMON STAINING SOLUTION

OTHER STAINING

OTHER STAINING

H&E STAINING, MOUNTING, RINGING AND LABELLING

Kmyching · 19問 · 1年前

H&E STAINING, MOUNTING, RINGING AND LABELLING

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

EPITHELIAL TUMOR MARKERS

Kmyching · 5問 · 1年前

EPITHELIAL TUMOR MARKERS

5問 • 1年前

Kmyching

INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT MARKERS

Kmyching · 6問 · 1年前

INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT MARKERS

6問 • 1年前

Kmyching

NEUROENDOCRINE MARKERS and GERM CELL TUMOR MARKERS

Kmyching · 6問 · 1年前

NEUROENDOCRINE MARKERS and GERM CELL TUMOR MARKERS

6問 • 1年前

Kmyching

MESENCHYMAL TUMOR MARKERS

Kmyching · 5問 · 1年前

MESENCHYMAL TUMOR MARKERS

5問 • 1年前

Kmyching

問題一覧

Due to arteriolar and capillary dilatation with increased rate of blood flow towards the site of injury

rubor (redness)

Due to increased capillary permeability causing extravasation of blood fluid; recruitment of phagocytes

tumor (swelling)

Due to transfer of internal heat to the surface or site of injury, brought about by increased blood content

calor (heat)

diminished function: Destruction of the functioning units of the tissue

functio laesa

Due to pressure upon the sensory nerve by the exudate/tumor

dolor. (pain)

a rapid response to an injurious agent that aims to rapidly bring mediators of inflammation HALLMARK: increased neutrophils and macrophage

acute inflammation

the escape of fluid, proteins and blood cells from the vascular system into interstitial tissue or body

exudation

increase specific gravity, increased protein with infection

exudate

low specific gravity

transudate

Represents and intergrade between acute and chronic

subchronic inflammation

Persistence of the injuring agent for weeks/years

chronic inflammation

CHANGES IN CELLULAR GROWTH PATTERNS: organ/tissues smaller than normal.

retrogressive changes

CHANGES IN CELLULAR GROWTH PATTERNS: organ/tissues larger than normal

progressive changes

CHANGES IN CELLULAR GROWTH PATTERNS: tissue have abnormalities

degenerative changes

incomplete/defective development of tissue/organ. Most commonly seen in one paired structures (kidneys, gonads, adrenals)

aplasia

non-appearance of an organ.

agenesia

failure of an organ to reach its full, mature size.

hypoplasia

failure of an organ to form an opening

atresia

refers to an acquired decrease in the size of a normally tissue or organ. Reduction in cell size.

atrophy

occurs as a natural consequence of maturation, as in atrophy of the thymus and lymphoid tissue during puberty. Sexual organs and brain begin to atrophy at age 50.

physiologic atrophy

refers to a decrease in size of organ, usually as a consequence of disease

pathologic atrophy

refers to an increase in size of tissues or organs due to increase in size. NO NEW CELLS

hypertrophy

usually seen in skeletal muscle, heart, kidneys, endocrine glands due to increased work load

True hypertrophy

due to edema fluid and connective tissue proliferation

false hypertrophy

involves one of paired organs when the opposite organ has been removed.

compensatory hypertrophy

refers to an increase in size of an organ or tissue due to increase in the number of cells. CELL DIVISION

hyperplasia

resulting from normal stimuli, hormonal such as hyperplasia of breast and uterus during pregnancy

physiological hyperplasia

stimulation of growth factors, excess hormonal stimulation, viral infection, nodular

pathologic hyperplasia

reversible change involving transformation in one type of adult cell to another

metaplasia

is the regressive alteration in adult cells manifested by variation in size, shape, and orientation. Usually reversible and do not lead to tumor formation - CHANGES IN STRUCTURE

dysplasia

usually used as criterion toward malignancy - irreversible, more primitive cells d

anaplasia

continuous abnormal proliferation of the cells without control (no purpose or function)

neoplasia

are those that do not produce death. Tumor is localized and doesn’t metastasize.

benign tumor

will produce death eventually, however small they may be and wherever they may be located. Invasive and destroys adjacent areas.

malignant tumor

Tumour implants continuous with the primary tumour. MOST RELIABLE FEATURE OF MALIGNANCY

metastasis

neoplasm penetrates into a ‘’natural field’’. Most often in the peritoneal cavity.

seeding within body cavities

most common pathway for CARCINOMAS (Epithelial)

lymphatic spread

most common pathway for SARCOMAS (connective tissue)

hematogenous spread

Grading of cancer attempts to establish some estimate of its AGGRESSIVENESS OR LEVEL OF MALIGNANCY based on the cytologic differentiation of tumor cells and the number of mitoses within the tumor.

grading of tumors

is based on the size of the primary lesion, its extent of spread to regional lymph nodes and the presence or absence of metastases.

staging

based upon the size of invasion

t score

indicates the extent of lymph node involvement

n score

indicates whether distant metastasis are present

m score

Greek: “MONSTROUS TUMORS” Tumor with normal tissue or organ components that are inappropriate to surrounding tissues May contain hair, teeth, bones and very rare eyeballs, torso and hands.

tetratomas

PROGRAM CELL DEATH”. vital process that helps eliminate unwanted cells. An internally programmed series of events effected by dedicated gene product.

apoptosis

physiologic death of cells

necrobiosis

pathologic death of cell which is due to disease or injury.

necrosis

SULFIDE GAS FORMATION”

gangrenous necrosis

involves the destruction of adipose tissue. Fat destruction due to release of pancreatic lipases. “CHALKY WHITE APPEARANCE”

fat necrosis

Refers to the death or complete cessation of metabolic and functional activities of the organism or body. Cells survive 4-6 minutes after lungs and heart stop functioning.

somatic death

this is the first demonstrable change observed, characterized by cooling of the body. 7°F PER HOUR

algor mortis

refers to the rigidity or stiffening of the muscles, occurring 6-12hours after death.

rigor mortis

refers to the purplish discoloration or lividity of the skin. Due to stasis and settling down of blood.

livor mortis

this implies self-digestion of the cells, bacteria enhance the destruction of tissue.

autolysis

refers to the drying and wrinkling of the cornea and the anterior chamber of the eyerefers to the drying and wrinkling of the cornea and the anterior chamber of the eye

desiccation

characterized by foul-smelling gases, due to multiplying saprophytic organisms

putrefaction