begins when the patient, or someone acting on the patient's behalf, is informed of the need for surgery and makes the decision to have the procedure.

begins when the patient is transferred to the operating room bed and ends with transfer to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) or other area where immediate postsurgical recovery care is given

Nursing activities in the postoperative period focus on patient safety, emotional support, facilitation of the procedure, prevention of infection, and the patient's satisfactory physiologic response to anesthesia and the surgical intervention.

Begins with the patient's transfer to the recovery unit and ends with return to an optimal level of functioning

What are the six surgical classifications in performing the surgery according to Brunner and suddart

It is the method by which microbial contamination is contained in the environment

it implies the absence of pathogenic microorganisms that cause infection

what are the surgery classifications based on the degree of urgency involved according to Brunner and suddart

preoperative phase

intraoperative phase

postoperative phase

The Four Types of Conditions Requiring Surgery

what are the classifications of surgical procedures according to brunner and suddart

contact with only intact skin or mucous membranes in an area remote from the surgical site may be cleaned, terminally disinfected, and stored unsterile between patient uses

Sterility is less critical for items that come into contact with intact skin or mucous membranes. These items are clean and safe to handle with bare hands

Any item entering the bloodstream, body tissues underlying the skin, and mucous membranes must be sterile

foundation of modern surgery

sterilizing agents

Preoperative Instructions to Prevent Postoperative Complications

are the most resistant of all living organisms because of their capacity to withstand external destructive agents