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問題一覧
1
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
Define the cell’s borders and keep it functional
2
Which of the following is the component of the plasma membrane?
Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids
3
What model describes the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components with fluid properties?
Fluid Mosaic Model
4
The hydrophilic head of a phospholipid interacts with:
Water and other polar molecules
5
What causes the membrane’s fluidity?
Kinks in unsaturated fatty acids
6
What is the primary function of integral proteins?
Facilitate transport and act as receptors
7
Integral proteins are:
integrated completely into the membrane structure
8
Peripheral proteins are:
Found on the exterior and interior membrane surfaces
9
Carbohydrates on the plasma membrane are bound to:
Proteins and lipids
10
What is the glycocalyx?
A sugar coating that attracts water to the cell surface
11
Which of the following molecules can freely pass through the plasma membrane?
Water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, oxygen
12
Selective permeability refers to:
Allowing some substances to pass while blocking others
13
Diffusion occurs when substances move:
From higher to lower concentration
14
Which factor does NOT affect diffusion rates?
Type of nucleic acid present
15
Osmosis is:
The transport of water through a selectively permeable membrane
16
Which describes hypotonic solution
the extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell; Water enters the cell
17
Which describes hypertonic solution?
the extracellular fluid has higher osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell; Water leaves the cell
18
Which describes isotonic?
the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the cell; No net movement of water into or out of the cell
19
Which type of protein facilitates water transport through the membrane?
Channel protein
20
Carrier proteins differ from channel proteins in that they:
Bind to specific substances and change shape
21
Active transport requires energy because:
It moves solutes against the concentration gradient
22
What is one key importance of active transport?
Maintains ion concentrations like Na+ and K+
23
the process of removing materials from the cell through the vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents outside the cell
Exocytosis
24
the reverse of exocytosis wherein cells engulf materials; the engulfed substance then enters the cytoplasm while enclosed in a vesicle.
Endocytosis
25
Which type of endocytosis involves the cell engulfing solid particles or cellular eating?
Phagocytosis
26
Which type of endocytosis involves wrapping around the dissolved materials and forms a vesicle that contains the engulfed materials or cellular drinking?
Pinocytosis
27
Which describes bulk transport?
Large molecules, such as proteins and polysaccharides cross the membranes in bulk through the processes of exocytosis and endocytosis.