tourism revolves around billions of encounters between people of diverse cultural backgrounds, this sector can foster multicultural and inter faith tolerance and understanding, laying the foundation for more peaceful societies.

Due to its cross-sectoral nature, tourism can strengthen private/public paetnerships and engage multiple stakeholders-international,national,regional,and local to work togetherto achieve the SDG’s and other common goals.

Tourism provides income through job creation and community levels

Can spur sustainable agriculture by promoting the production and supplies to hotels and sales of local products to tourist. Can generate additional income while enhancing the value of the tourism experience.

has the potential to promote inclusiveness. skilled workforce is crucial for tourism to prosper.The tourism sector provides opportunities for direct and indirect jobs for youth,women, and thos with special needs

Tourism,as services trade, is one of the top four export earners globally,currently providing one in ten jobs worldwide

can advance urban infrastructure and accessibility,promote the regeneration pf areas in decay and preserve cultural and natural heritage, assets on which tourism depends.

can be regarded as behavior. more than a form of tourism as it represents an approach to engage with tourism, be that tourist, a business,local at a destination or any other tourism stakeholder.

understanding and promotion of the ethical values common humanity, with an attitude of tolerance and respect for the diversity of religious,philosophical and moral beliefs are both the foundation and the consequence pf responsible tourism

It is an irreplaceable factor of self education,mutual tolerance,and learning about the legitimate differences between peoples and cultures and their diversity.

are periods of intense uncertainty characterized by unpredictability and loss of control over key functions of systems

is defined from a wholesaler’s perspective as “an event or set of circumstances that can severely compromise or damage the marketability and reputation of a tourism business, its brand, or an entire tourism destination region.”

can be defined as the beginning of the process in which an enterprise resumes functioning after a crisis. Services may be limited, access may be restricted, but it is the beginning of the transition from crisis to recovery.

can be defined as the beginning of the process in which an enterprise resumes functioning after a crisis. Services may be limited, access may be restricted, but it is the beginning of the transition from crisis to recovery.

The key element of response to a crisis event is timing. If a contingency plan has been fully developed for a business or destination, it is possible to respond immediately. The most critical is the first hour after an event has occurred, be it an act of man or nature. There is a need to establish to stakeholders and the media that the business operation is aware of events and is managing the situation even if not all of the pertinent facts are at hand

Apart from an intensive marketing campaign, a successful recovery program must be economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable. Attracting a lot of extra airline passengers, hotel guests, or visitors to destinations and marketing tour programs does not constitute an effective recovery if incentive-based discounts mean that businesses are losing money. Value-added incentives with high perceived value and low costs are as effective incentive tactics as price discounting.

is essentially the likelihood or probability of negative events and subsequent loss to a tourism business or destination arising from a negative event.

is concerned with identifying and analyzing the risks (‘the chance of something happening that will impact objectives’) to a destination or organization and deciding what can and should be done about them.

have a twin role concerning risk as professional tour operators and protectors of their clients while on tour. A business reputation is largely contingent on its ability to shield its clients from danger to some extent from their naivety. One of the main reasons clients choose to travel with tour operators rather than travel independently is that irrespective of whether they are passive sightseers or active adventurers, they rely on tour operators to shield themselves from risk.

Failing the ability to control all risks identified, the next step in the process is risk treatment. Risk treatment includes the concept of risk transfer and risk retention.

The initial stage of the risk management process is systematically identifying risks facing the organization. This step is often referred to as risk assessment.

refers to the transfer of responsibility to another party, either contractually or by insurance. Risk can be transferred through contract either by entering into a contract for service or by requiring participants to sign a waiver. Risk is transferred through insurance by paying premiums to an insurer, which absorbs the financial risk of an incident.

refers to the level of risk that a company retainsthrough a conscious decision-making process. Examples of this may include the decision to increase the size of insurance deductible to use, the use of self-insurance, or consciously not transferring risks due to an inability to do so.

Once the risks are identified and analyzed, the next step is implementing mitigation strategies for any unacceptable risks.

involves any mitigation strategies used to avoid exposure to the risks. Examples are eliminating particularly hazardous activities or services, avoiding certain areas due to environmental threats, or changing a tourist destination due to political unrest.