Defined the Material Self as the self that consists of the body, clothes, immediate family, home, and other things one considers to be his own.

People invest themselves in their possessions, the more attached they become.

Are objects of instinctive preferences that may or may NOT be related with the person’s most practical interests in life.

The primary component of his or her material self.

Credit Cards Advantages

Credit Cards Disadvantages

Let individuals relate to particular good and services.

Something a person must have in order to live and/or survive.

A person’s desires but can live without.

Buying anything without giving much thought to what they buy and the consequences that may come later on.

Introduces the concept of supreme beings as a cause or reason for certain phenomena.

Supreme being:

All-powerful

All-knowing

Everywhere at once

A set of rituals (justified usually by myths) made to coordinate with the goal of either obtaining or hindering changes in human condition and nature’s state.

Functions of Religion:

Concept of Soul:

There is only one substance and only one being.

The mind and the body are two different substances.

Filipino term for soul or spirit.

Believed to have two existences: Physical and Spiritual.

Two existences of Kaluluwa:

More than __ percent of the population in the Philippines is ___.

Ilonggo term for the soul.

Lacks material substance and is extremely light that it travels with the wind.

Believes to dwell above the surface of the earth before inhabiting the human body.

It must be protected at a young age due to vulnerability to usug (which can manifest through headache, nausea, stomach ache, fever, or other diseases.

Cannot be seen by the naked eye but there are times when it separates from the body in a form of small animals.

For Visayans, Dungan means ___.

Has the (intellectual and psychological) capacity to control and influence a person’s way of thinking.

Patterns of behaviors or practices that are related to the sacred.

In Catholicism, rituals are called ___.

7 Sacraments:

Adherents of a certain religion use ___ to give honor to the divine power/s they believe in and to serve as reminders of their religious obligations.

Are interdependent because the latter validates the former.

Establishes norms that mold or shape human behavior (individually, with family members, with the community).

Rituals that mark important stages in an individual’s life cycle.

A useful way to divide ceremonies for all life crisis into three stages (Arnold van Gennep, 1909)

May involve manipulation of the supernatural for good or for evil.

Usually associated with primitive societies.

Makes use of materials, objects, and medicines to invoke supernatural malevolence.

Done as an act of revenge for the wrong doing done by the inflicted person.

Victims of Barang are called:

May experience illnesses.

Have more painful and deadly experience.

Through emotions and thought alone

The use of dolls, candles, and prayers during rituals

Nakulam

Man’s Search for Meaning (1946)

Logotherapy

Basic Principles: (Victor Frankl)

Three ways to find meaning in life: