genbio module 2

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問題数 39 • 2024/09/27

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The foundation unit of life

cell

Who invented The Cell theory

Mathias J. Schleiden, Theodore Schwan

He believed that all cells comes from pre-existing cells

Rudolf Virchow

First record of seeing and identifying a cell

Robert Hooke

- earliest and most primitive cells - consists of organisms from the domain Archea and Bacteria

Prokaryotic Cell

- highly evolved, complex structures, and larger sized compared to prokaryotes

Eukaryotic Cells

Functions as a barrier to separate the environment and the internal structures

Cell Membrane

composed of protein and molecules that are randomly scattered

membrane proteins

Scattered in the cell membrane

fluid mosaic

Additional boundary between cell membrane & external, environment

Cell Wall

jellylike substance that act like a cushion

Cytoplasm

liquid component of cytoplasm

cytosol

The storehouse of DNA

Nucleus

The long chain molecule of inheritance made of segmented portions called genes

DNA

An extensive folded membrane that occupies a large space in the cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum

An ER that closes the nucleus

Rough ER

ER that has no ribosomes are present

Smooth ER

sites of protein synthesis

Ribosomes

Intracellular digestion by means of autogaphy

Lysosomes

The whole endoplastic reticulum: packaging warehouse of ER

Golgi Apparatus/ Body

powerhouse of the cell

Mitochandria

chemical energy

Adenosine Triphospate

Large organelles only found in plant cells

Plastids

color green; photosynthesis occurs

chloroplasts

colored plastids such as carotenoids: gives colors to flowers and plants

Chromoplasts

non colored plastids: does not contain pigments

Leucoplasts

starch filled

amyloplasts

stores oil

elaioplasts

stores proteins

Aleuroplasts

Flexible network of protein; mechanical & structural support

Cytoskeleton

The thickest and longest filament composed of tubulin

microtubule

smaller than microtubles and provides the cell tensile strength

Intermediate Filament

the thinnest filament composed of actin which is present in nearly all cell types of eukaryotes

Microfilament

small dense region in the cytoplasm where microtubles are assembled and arranged

Cetresomes and Centrioles

Inside the cetresome are two hollow cylinders made of filaments (which are Microtuble triplets called

centrioles

cells are joined together by structures called junctions

Cell Surface and Junctions

fuses cells together to form an impassable barrier using actin fibers

Tight Junctions

Connects two neighboring cells together or a cell to the extra cellular matrix

Adhesion Junctions

A channel protein links with the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell

Gap Junctions