Which of the following is most important in avoiding bias in surveying?

Which of the following standard abbreviation of signs is not correct?

Traffic instruction sign should not carry long messages and where possible no more than ___ lines of messages should be used

They are used to mark the edge of the road formation and assist the road users by indicating the alignment of the road ahead especially at horizontal and vertical curves

Shall mean any public thoroughfare, public boulevard, and avenue, but shall not include roadway upon grounds owned by private sectors, colleges, universities, or other similar institution

Small devices which are fixed to the concrete pavement surface to stimulate or supplement painted pavement marking

Distance traveled by the vehicle during the total reaction time

Distance traveled by the vehicle after the application of the brakes until it stop

The headway in a major stream, which is evaluated by a vehicle driver in a major stream who wishes to merge into the major stream

The difference between the time a vehicle that merges into a main traffic stream reaches a point on the highway in the area of merge and the time a vehicle in the main stream reaches the same point

Owing to retardation of the tidal wave in the ocean by frictional force, as the earth revolves daily around its axis and as the tide tends to follow the direction of the moon, the highest tide for each location is not coincident with conjunction and opposition but occurs at some constant time after new and full moon. This interval which may amount to as much as two and a half days is known a

Waves formed by moving ship or boats are called

The configuration and roughness of the ground is referred to as

The structure that protects the harbor from stormy waves and permits calm in the harbor

A solid structure, which projects into the sea perpendicular to the shore to berth vessels is called

A platform built in the harbor parallel to the shore and backed up by the ground is called

A sheltered place where the ship may receive or discharge cargo. It includes the harbor with its approach channels and anchorage places

Waves under the influence of the winds that generated them

The driver identifies the object and thus understand the stimulus

The driver decides what action to take in response to the stimulus

Residual of a measured quantity is the

A landing place or platform built parallel to the shore for the berthing of vessels

A platform extending from a shore over water and supported by piles, used to secure, protect, and provide access to ships or boats

The correction for the atmospheric refraction is equal to

In stadia surveying, the height of instrument must be known in order to determine the:

What is the maximum number of words permitted for a word message on road surface?

One of the oldest type of surveying instrument in field mapping. It consist a board attached to a tripod in such a way that it can be leveled or rotated in any desired direction.

The average of 24-hour traffic counts collected every day in the year

A term commonly used as a guide in determining upper speed limits

When an embankment is built, the volume of the compacted earth is generally less than its volume before excavation from its original location. The difference is usually defined as:

Based on the expression of the technical resolution of the International Water Way Congress, about how many percent of tide is guaranteed safe for the ships?

According to NSCP, the slope of cut surfaces shall be no steeper than:

According to NSCP, the slope of fill surfaces shall be no steeper than:

According to NSCP, drainage facilities and terracing for cut or fill slopes steeper than:

The safety of an intersection can be improved by the provision of right and left auxiliary turning lanes. Turning lanes also improve intersection capacity and traffic flow. They are particularly important if the volume of traffic making these moves is high or if the through or oncoming traffic flows are high. Provision for turning lanes can generally be provided in the following ways: I. Shared turning and through lane II. Flaring and tape III. Separate lane for deceleration and storage IV. Establishment of a traffic island

The layer of the pavement which finally carries the load from the road.

The component of the road structure which receives the traffic load and transfer it to the subgrade.

One or more layers of crushed aggregate, which are bonded by bituminous materials and a seal coat laid on top is called:

A 20 mm thick premix bitumen layer over which is laid a seal coat is called:

A layer consisting of properly designed mix of course aggregate, fine aggregate, a filler and a bituminous binder.

A mixture of bitumen, fine aggregate and filler in suitable proportion heated to about 2000C in special cookers and laid is called:

The layered structure placed over a soil sub-grade for forming road.

The layer in a road pavement which provides resistance to wear and tear due to traffic.

Part of road structure which is immediately above the sub-grade and composed of stone boulders or superior soil.

The top surface of a road structure is termed as:

A road made of coarse aggregate mechanically interlocked by rolling and bonded together with screening dust is called:

An application of hot bitumen material given to the old surface to provide adhesion to the old and new road surface.

A layer of stone chippings coat laid over a hot bitumen to make the surface water-proof.

A very thin surface applied over a bituminous pavement to make it impervious.

Pavement markings shall only be applied and/or removed by ____.

Type of sign used in advance of an intersection where the two roads cross at a common point

Sign used only in conjunction with another warning sign to indicate the desirable speed in good weather, traffic and road conditions.

The instantaneous speed of a vehicle at a specified section or location.

The average speed of vehicles in a certain road length at any time

The average of the spot speeds of all vehicles passing a given point in the highway

The speed distribution of vehicles at a point on the roadway and it is the average of instantaneous speeds of observed vehicles at the spot

A type of rigid pavement which has no temperature steel or dowels for the load transfer

A type of rigid pavement having dowels for the transfer of traffic loads across joints.

A type of rigid pavement which has no transverse joints, except construction joints or expansion joint when they are necessary at specific positions such as at bridges.

The measurement of the extent to which a road surface deviates from the plane is called pavement _______.

Pavement ______________ refers to the condition of a pavement in terms of its general appearance.

Pavement ______________ refers to the structural adequacy of the pavement section.

Describes the effectiveness of a pavement to prevent or reduce skid related crashes.

The warrant for the use of safety barriers can be established: I. Fore slope or Back slope steepness and height II. Unforgiving hazards with the clear zone III. Water Hazards within the clear zone

Messages when painted on pavement should be limited to how many words only?

What are the four types of pavement and curb markings?

Planned water depth is considered as follows: For a ship with draft of 7.5 m, find the standard water depth of berth for the ship.

Minimum K value vertical curves should be selected on the basis of three controlling factors: I. Sight distance is a requirement in all situations for driver safety. II. Appearance is generally required in low fill and flat topography situations. III. Riding comfort is a general requirement with specific need on approaches to a floodway where the length of depression needs to be minimized. IV. Vertical alignment should fit into the natural terrain earthwork balances.

The overall track structure for a railroad typically consists of the following except one

The sum of the meridian distances of the two extremities of a given line is known as

The layer of the pavement which finally carries the load from the road

The top surface of a road structure which receives the traffic load and transfer it to the subgrade.

An application of hot bitumen material given to the old surface to provide adhesion to the old and new road surface.

A layer of stone chippings coat laid over a hot bitumen to make the surface water-proof.

A very thin surface applied over a bituminous pavement to make it impervious

Cracks approximately at right angles to the pavement centerline. These may be caused by shrinkage or differential thermal stress of the asphalt concrete or maybe reflective cracks

Cracks approximately parallel to the pavement centerline. These are caused by poorly constructed construction joints and shrinkage of asphalt concrete surface.

Wearing way of the pavement surface caused by dislodging of aggregated particles and binder. This is usually a result of insufficient asphalt binder in the mix or stripping of asphalt from particles of aggregate

Progressive disintegration of the surface between the wheel paths caused by dripping of gasoline or oil from vehicles.

The extruding of bitumen onto the pavement surface, causing a reduction in skid resistance. It is generally caused by excessive amounts of asphalt in the mix or low air voids content. It occurs when asphalt fills the voids in the mix during hot weather and then exudes out onto the surface of the pavement

Elevation differences between adjacent slabs at transverse joints. It is usually the result of pumping and is a major source of Portland Concrete pavement structure.

Localized upward buckling and shattering of the slabs at transverse joint or cracks. They can occur when transverse joints are filled with incompressible solid materials.

The breakdown or disintegration of slab edges at joints or cracks, usually resulting in the loss of sound concrete and the progressive widening of joint or crack.

A series of interconnected or interlaced cracks caused by fatigue failure of the asphalt concrete surface under repeated traffic loading

Cracks forming large interconnected polygons, usually with sharp corners or angle. These cracks are generally caused by hardening and shrinkage of the asphalt and or reflection cracking from underlying layers such as cement- treated base

The color of Fire Lane Zone Markings

Maximum Speed limit for urban roads

Maximum speed limit for rural roads

the basic lane width appropriate for national road

The berth structure projecting out from the shoreline

Signs used to guide drivers through a change in horizontal alignment of the road

What are the capacity requirements for all scaffoldings?

Every construction project shall have a suitable _____, which must be in accordance with these rules, and other orders and issuances issues by the DOLE

the process of injecting any agent into soil or rock to increase its strength or stability, protect foundations or reduce ground water

An increase in soil density of a cohesion soil resulting from the expulsion of water from the soil's void spaces

A measure of materials ability to resist indentation or penetration

Operating a motor vehicle on a street or highway can be complex and demanding at times, but it can be boring at other times. these range of circumstances couples with the range of driver capabilities presents a challege to the highway designer. it is helpful to begin by considering the three essential elements such as navigation, guidancec and control is referred to as:

A method of protecting employees from cave-ins from material that could fall or roll from an excavation face or into an excavation or collapse of adjacent structures. this includes support systems, sloping and benching systems, shield systems and other systems that provide necessary protection.

the bucket volume contained within the bucket when following the outline of the bucket sides is referred to as:

it provides the detailed requirements for the materials, equipment, and workmanship to be incorporated into the project.