the term “alkaloid” (alkali-like) is commonly used to designate basic heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds of plant origin that are physiologically active (T/F)

What family does these plants belong to?

What family does these plants belong to?

What family does these plants belong to?

What family does these plants belongs to

What Families FREE in Alkaloids:

Both alkaloidal bases and their salts are soluble in

the bases are soluble in organic solvent and insoluble in water (T/F)

What alkaloids lack oxygen in their molecules

What structure

What structure

What structure

What structure

What structure

What structure

What structure

What structure

What is the primary product of root metabolism

demethylation of nicotine, can occur in the

a chemical compound found in tobacco plants, is produced through a biosynthetic process involving two precursor molecule

What is the two precursor molecules of nicotine

Nicotinic acid also know as

Nicotine is bound to an ion exchange resin in a chewing gum base as a temporary aid to the cigarette smoker seeking to give up smoking.

who sent tobacco seeds to Paris in 1550.

What is the stimulant effect of nicotine

Most active alkaloids?

What is the most abundant and physiologically most active alkaloid?

arecaidine

guvacine

guvacoline

What are three chemical compounds found in the areca nut

stimulating and psychoactive eff ects on the central nervous system, similar to nicotine

It is classified as an anthelmintic in veterinary practice and is employed as a vermicide and taenifuge

ts emetic properties were first observed in 1785, and the drug was introduced into medicine in 1807

weaker, pharmacologic eff ects to those of nicotine on the peripheral circulation, neuromuscular junctions, and the central nervous system.

It consists of a pyridine ring fused with a pyrrolidine ring.

a plant commonly known as Indian tobacco or puke weed. It contains a piperidine ring.

a neurotransmitter found in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system of animals. It is not derived from plants. it also contains an acetyl group attached to a choline molecule.

It stimulate the release of various neurotransmitters, including dopamine, leading to pleasurable eff ects and addiction. It also has vasoconstrictive properties and can increase heart rate and blood pressure

a mild agonist of nAChRs, but it has a weaker affi nity compared to nicotine. It acts as a respiratory stimulant and has been used as a smoking cessation aid, although its effi cacy for this purpose is still under investigation

playing a vital role in cognitive functions, muscle contractions, and autonomic nervous system regulation

potential aid for smoking cessation,

treatment of conditions like Alzheimer's

nicotine replacement therapy

is a dicyclic compound formed by the condensation of a pyrrolidine precursor (ornithine) with 3 acetate-derived carbon atoms. Both pyrrolidine and piperidine ring systems can be discerned in the molecule

has the potential to undergo racemization

well-known medication with various medical applications, such as dilating the pupils, treating certain heart conditions, and reducing saliva production during surgeries

Hyoscyamine and atropine are both tropane alkaloids derived from plants belonging to what family

It is a stereoisomer of atropine.

The precursor of tropic acid

Esterification of tropic acid with tropine produces .

Atropine formed by racemization during the extraction process other bases are found in the root but not in the leaf These include

Used as a parasympathetic Depressant

promotes mucus secretion in the GIT and urinary tract, which helps to protect and lubricate the linings of these systems

developed a purely synthetic process for the formation of atropine starting with tropine. Although this process was successful, it was not economical;

It is primarily known for its medicinal use as a motion sickness and nausea treatment

It works by blocking certain nerve receptors in the brain, which helps reduce the symptoms of motion sickness. However, it can also cause side eff ects such as drowsiness and blurred vision.

It contains various alkaloids, including scopolamine and hyoscyamine which have medicinal properties

Historically, has been used for its sedative, parasympathologic, and antispasmodic effects. However, due to its toxicity and potential side eff ects, its use is limited today

used for their medicinal properties, particularly as antispasmodics and bronchodilator

Hyoscyamine is an alkaloid found in various plants, including hyoscyamus and stramonium

t belongs to a class of compounds called anticholinergics, which work by blocking certain receptors in the body's nervous system

are competitive with acetylcholine at the postganglionic synapse (muscarinic site) of the parasympathetic nervous system.

What are the symptoms of Atropine Toxicity? -

is the tropine ester of (-)tropic acid and is asymmetric and accounts for the natural occurrence of the optical isomer.

is the sulfate of an alkaloid usually obtained from species of Hyoscyamus Linne or other genera of Solanaceae.

Hyoscyamine is an Anticholinergic, like Atropine. What are its uses in the GIT?

excessive flow of saliva, at the same time it is also known as ptyalism.

excessive sweating

It is optically inactive but usually contains some levorotatory hyoscyamine, the limit of which produces an angular rotation not to exceed - 0.70°.

Atropine is an anticholinergic. In surgery Atropine is necessary, why?

What is the an antidote to cholinesterase inhibitors

Scopolamine or hyoscine It is an ester that, upon hydrolysis, yields

It is a Yields tropane alkaloids such as hyoscyamine, scopolamine, anisodamine and anisodine

occurs as colorless or white crystals or as a white, granular powder that is odorless and slightly effl orescent in dry air

Scopolamine hydrobromide is classified as an

Scopolamine is classified as?

Effective in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness. Cholinergic or Anticholinergic Effect?

What is the similarity of Stramonium and belladonna?

Generally regarded as a noxious weed and has frequently caused poisoning in childrenwhen seeds were ingested.