Alkaloids

80問 • 1年前

問題一覧

the term “alkaloid” (alkali-like) is commonly used to designate basic heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds of plant origin that are physiologically active (T/F)

True

What family does these plants belong to?

Apocynaceae, Dogbane Family

What family does these plants belong to?

Rubiaceae, Coffee family, Bedstraw family

What family does these plants belong to?

Solanaceae, Nightshade Family

What family does these plants belongs to

Papaveraceae, Poppy family

What Families FREE in Alkaloids:

Rosaceae, Labiatae, Mint Family, Rose Family

Both alkaloidal bases and their salts are soluble in

Alcohol

the bases are soluble in organic solvent and insoluble in water (T/F)

True

What alkaloids lack oxygen in their molecules

Coniine, Nicotine, Sparteine

What structure

Pyridine.

What structure

Piperidine

What structure

Steroidal

What structure

Purine

What structure

Imidazole

What structure

Indole

What structure

Quinoline

What structure

Isoquinoline

What is the primary product of root metabolism

Nicotine

demethylation of nicotine, can occur in the

Leaves of plant

a chemical compound found in tobacco plants, is produced through a biosynthetic process involving two precursor molecule

Nicotine

What is the two precursor molecules of nicotine

nicotinic acid, Proline

Nicotinic acid also know as

Niacin, Vitamin B3

Nicotine is bound to an ion exchange resin in a chewing gum base as a temporary aid to the cigarette smoker seeking to give up smoking.

Nicorette

who sent tobacco seeds to Paris in 1550.

jean nicot de villemain

What is the stimulant effect of nicotine

Nicotine withdrawal symptoms, Relapse risk:, Emotional and psychological challenges:, Nicotine dependency:, Lack of long-term support

Most active alkaloids?

Areca

What is the most abundant and physiologically most active alkaloid?

Arecoline

arecaidine

N-methyl guvacine

guvacine

tetrahydro nicotinic acid

guvacoline

guvacine methyl ester

What are three chemical compounds found in the areca nut

Arecaidine, Guvacine, Guvacoline

stimulating and psychoactive eff ects on the central nervous system, similar to nicotine

Arecaidine

It is classified as an anthelmintic in veterinary practice and is employed as a vermicide and taenifuge

Areca

ts emetic properties were first observed in 1785, and the drug was introduced into medicine in 1807

Lobelia

weaker, pharmacologic eff ects to those of nicotine on the peripheral circulation, neuromuscular junctions, and the central nervous system.

Lobeline

It consists of a pyridine ring fused with a pyrrolidine ring.

Nicotine

a plant commonly known as Indian tobacco or puke weed. It contains a piperidine ring.

Lobeline

a neurotransmitter found in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system of animals. It is not derived from plants. it also contains an acetyl group attached to a choline molecule.

Acetylcholine

It stimulate the release of various neurotransmitters, including dopamine, leading to pleasurable eff ects and addiction. It also has vasoconstrictive properties and can increase heart rate and blood pressure

Nicotine

a mild agonist of nAChRs, but it has a weaker affi nity compared to nicotine. It acts as a respiratory stimulant and has been used as a smoking cessation aid, although its effi cacy for this purpose is still under investigation

Lobeline

playing a vital role in cognitive functions, muscle contractions, and autonomic nervous system regulation

Acetylcholine

potential aid for smoking cessation,

Lobeline

treatment of conditions like Alzheimer's

Acetylcholine

nicotine replacement therapy

Nicotine

is a dicyclic compound formed by the condensation of a pyrrolidine precursor (ornithine) with 3 acetate-derived carbon atoms. Both pyrrolidine and piperidine ring systems can be discerned in the molecule

Tropane

has the potential to undergo racemization

Hysoscyamine or tropine

well-known medication with various medical applications, such as dilating the pupils, treating certain heart conditions, and reducing saliva production during surgeries

Atropine

Hyoscyamine and atropine are both tropane alkaloids derived from plants belonging to what family

Solanaceae family

It is a stereoisomer of atropine.

Hyoscyamine

The precursor of tropic acid

Phenylalanine

Esterification of tropic acid with tropine produces .

Hyoscyamine

Atropine formed by racemization during the extraction process other bases are found in the root but not in the leaf These include

Scopolamine, Cuscohygrine, Apoatropine, Belladonnine,

Used as a parasympathetic Depressant

Belladonna

promotes mucus secretion in the GIT and urinary tract, which helps to protect and lubricate the linings of these systems

Parasympathetic action

developed a purely synthetic process for the formation of atropine starting with tropine. Although this process was successful, it was not economical;

T. Smith and H, Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland

It is primarily known for its medicinal use as a motion sickness and nausea treatment

Scopolamine

It works by blocking certain nerve receptors in the brain, which helps reduce the symptoms of motion sickness. However, it can also cause side eff ects such as drowsiness and blurred vision.

Scopolamine

It contains various alkaloids, including scopolamine and hyoscyamine which have medicinal properties

Hyoscyamus

Historically, has been used for its sedative, parasympathologic, and antispasmodic effects. However, due to its toxicity and potential side eff ects, its use is limited today

Hyoscyamus

used for their medicinal properties, particularly as antispasmodics and bronchodilator

Stamonium

Hyoscyamine is an alkaloid found in various plants, including hyoscyamus and stramonium

Hyoscyamine

t belongs to a class of compounds called anticholinergics, which work by blocking certain receptors in the body's nervous system

Hyoscyamine

are competitive with acetylcholine at the postganglionic synapse (muscarinic site) of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Atropine, Scopolamine

What are the symptoms of Atropine Toxicity? -

Mouth Dryness, Eye pain and light sensitivity, Diffi culty in urination

is the tropine ester of (-)tropic acid and is asymmetric and accounts for the natural occurrence of the optical isomer.

Hyoscyamine

is the sulfate of an alkaloid usually obtained from species of Hyoscyamus Linne or other genera of Solanaceae.

Hyoscyamine sulfate

Hyoscyamine is an Anticholinergic, like Atropine. What are its uses in the GIT?

Tremors, rigidity, Sialorrhea, associated Hyperhidrosis

excessive flow of saliva, at the same time it is also known as ptyalism.

Sialorrhea

excessive sweating

Hyperhidrosis

It is optically inactive but usually contains some levorotatory hyoscyamine, the limit of which produces an angular rotation not to exceed - 0.70°.

Atropine

Atropine is an anticholinergic. In surgery Atropine is necessary, why?

Antisialagogue

What is the an antidote to cholinesterase inhibitors

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Scopolamine or hyoscine It is an ester that, upon hydrolysis, yields

scopoline, tropic acid

It is a Yields tropane alkaloids such as hyoscyamine, scopolamine, anisodamine and anisodine

Talumpunay

occurs as colorless or white crystals or as a white, granular powder that is odorless and slightly effl orescent in dry air

Scopolamine hydrobromide

Scopolamine hydrobromide is classified as an

Anticholinergic

Scopolamine is classified as?

anticholinergic

Effective in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness. Cholinergic or Anticholinergic Effect?

Anticholinergic

What is the similarity of Stramonium and belladonna?

Anticholinergic Eff ect

Generally regarded as a noxious weed and has frequently caused poisoning in childrenwhen seeds were ingested.

Stramonium seed

Cell structure.

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 28問 · 2年前

Cell structure.