ethics ch2

44問 • 1年前

問題一覧

philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist who argued to regulate actions using reason and that reason has dominion over feelings or emotions

david hume

they are best known in ethics for asserting four these

david hume

it cannot be a motive to the will alone but is the slave of passions

reason

these are not derived from reason

moral distinctions

these are derived from the moral sentiments: feelings of approval (esteem, praise) and disapproval (blame) felt by spectators who contemplate a character trait or action

moral distinctions

examples of feelings of approval

esteem, praise

example of feelings of disapproval

blame

hume stated that these are natural in ethics

virtues, vices

hume stated this is artificial in ethics

justice

hume stated that this is needed to discover the facts of any concrete situation but is insufficient to yield judgment that something is virtuous or vicious

reason

used to describe emotions or feelings

passion

classification of passion

direct, indirect

a passion caused directly by the sensation of pain or pleasure

direct passion

a type of passion that arises immediately from good or evil

direct passion

an example of direct passion because it is an immediate response to the pleasure we expect to feel

desire

a type of passion that includes aversion, hope, fear, grief, and joy

direct passion

a type of passion caused by the sensation of pain or pleasure derived from some other idea or impression

indirect passion

an indirect passion that emanated from the pleasure you get from somethimg admirable (eg. intellect, physique, property, family, etc)— a result of the person, object, and quality of the object

pride

a type of passion that includes humility, ambition, vanity, love, hatred, envy, pity

indirect passion

hume stated that there are instances this can be unreasonable, could happen when we make a mistake in judgment or our opinion is wrong

passion

german ethical philosopher and phenomenologist who spught to know what comprised the structure of consciousness including mental acts (eg. feelings, thinking, resolve) and inherent objects of these mental acts (eg. values, concepts, plans)

max ferdinand scheler

scheler believed that this is the most important aspect in human existence

emotion

these are inherent, objective, and existing even if you have not experienced it before

emotions, feelings

scheler claimed that these are independent of the mind and it corresponds to the divine plan

feelings

scheler added that these are not chaotic but are strict, exact, and objective

feelings

scheler asserted that these are actually the 'purest sphere' of human consciousness

feelings

four strata or levels of feelings

sensual, vital, psychic, spiritual

feelings that involve bodily pleasures or pain

sensual feelings

feelings that are life functions such as health, sickness, energy, fatigue, etc

vital feelings

feelings about aesthetics, justice, and knowledge

psychic feelings

feelings that deal with the divine, the intentiontal, and is directed to a particular special object or a higher being, thus, most important

spiritual feelings

philosopher and professor who asserted that in moral reasoning, you could not rely on your feelings no matter how powerful these feelings may be

dr. james rachel

these can be irrational and merely a product of your prejudice, selfishness, and cultural conditioning

feelings

an argument is reasonable if:

facts are correct; moral principles are correctly applied; each well-being is treated equally important

powerfully influenced by feelings

moral compasses

two elements in moral judgment

emotive, prescriptive

an element of moral decisions/judgment meant expressing positive feelings towards a particular act: kindness is good

emotive element

an element of moral decisions/judgment wherein the act should be encouraged that others may follow, an instruction or prescription: be kind to others

prescriptive element

three central features as to why emotions can be obstacles in making the right decisions

non-deliberate nature, partial nature, capricious

it means the act was intentional, planned, with conscious effort

deliberate

denotes spontaneous actions wherein it is doing smth without thinking though, no different from mindless automatic reflex

non-deliberate

philosopher summarized nondeliberate nature of feelings wherein responsibility entails free choice, free choice entaols intellectual deliberation in wc alternatives are considered, and we cannot be responsible for our emotions when intellectual deliberation is absent

aaron been zeev

emotions give focus only on matters of personal interest, wherein emotions are quiet when it is of no personal concern

partial nature

these influence our attention, govern what attracts and holds attention

emotions

gis lesson 2

gis lesson 2

nrc topic 6

nrc topic 6

gis lesson 3

gis lesson 3

gis lesson 1

gis lesson 1

gis lesson 4

gis lesson 4

fmh

fmh

tbm

tbm

ethics ch1.5-6

ethics ch1.5-6

ch1

ch1

ch1

ch1

topic 1

topic 1

問題一覧

philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist who argued to regulate actions using reason and that reason has dominion over feelings or emotions

david hume

they are best known in ethics for asserting four these

david hume

it cannot be a motive to the will alone but is the slave of passions

reason

these are not derived from reason

moral distinctions

these are derived from the moral sentiments: feelings of approval (esteem, praise) and disapproval (blame) felt by spectators who contemplate a character trait or action

moral distinctions

examples of feelings of approval

esteem, praise

example of feelings of disapproval

blame

hume stated that these are natural in ethics

virtues, vices

hume stated this is artificial in ethics

justice

hume stated that this is needed to discover the facts of any concrete situation but is insufficient to yield judgment that something is virtuous or vicious

reason

used to describe emotions or feelings

passion

classification of passion

direct, indirect

a passion caused directly by the sensation of pain or pleasure

direct passion

a type of passion that arises immediately from good or evil

direct passion

an example of direct passion because it is an immediate response to the pleasure we expect to feel

desire

a type of passion that includes aversion, hope, fear, grief, and joy

direct passion

a type of passion caused by the sensation of pain or pleasure derived from some other idea or impression

indirect passion

an indirect passion that emanated from the pleasure you get from somethimg admirable (eg. intellect, physique, property, family, etc)— a result of the person, object, and quality of the object

pride

a type of passion that includes humility, ambition, vanity, love, hatred, envy, pity

indirect passion

hume stated that there are instances this can be unreasonable, could happen when we make a mistake in judgment or our opinion is wrong

passion

max ferdinand scheler

scheler believed that this is the most important aspect in human existence

emotion

these are inherent, objective, and existing even if you have not experienced it before

emotions, feelings

scheler claimed that these are independent of the mind and it corresponds to the divine plan

feelings

scheler added that these are not chaotic but are strict, exact, and objective

feelings

scheler asserted that these are actually the 'purest sphere' of human consciousness

feelings

four strata or levels of feelings

sensual, vital, psychic, spiritual

feelings that involve bodily pleasures or pain

sensual feelings

feelings that are life functions such as health, sickness, energy, fatigue, etc

vital feelings

feelings about aesthetics, justice, and knowledge

psychic feelings

feelings that deal with the divine, the intentiontal, and is directed to a particular special object or a higher being, thus, most important

spiritual feelings

philosopher and professor who asserted that in moral reasoning, you could not rely on your feelings no matter how powerful these feelings may be

dr. james rachel

these can be irrational and merely a product of your prejudice, selfishness, and cultural conditioning

feelings

an argument is reasonable if:

facts are correct; moral principles are correctly applied; each well-being is treated equally important

powerfully influenced by feelings

moral compasses

two elements in moral judgment

emotive, prescriptive

an element of moral decisions/judgment meant expressing positive feelings towards a particular act: kindness is good

emotive element

an element of moral decisions/judgment wherein the act should be encouraged that others may follow, an instruction or prescription: be kind to others

prescriptive element

three central features as to why emotions can be obstacles in making the right decisions

non-deliberate nature, partial nature, capricious

it means the act was intentional, planned, with conscious effort

deliberate

denotes spontaneous actions wherein it is doing smth without thinking though, no different from mindless automatic reflex

non-deliberate

aaron been zeev

emotions give focus only on matters of personal interest, wherein emotions are quiet when it is of no personal concern

partial nature

these influence our attention, govern what attracts and holds attention

emotions