Raw facts or facts that have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning to the end user

The result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning

Is a shared, integrated computer structure that houses a collection of end user data and metadata.

What are the two collection of database?

Is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the dara stores in the database.

The DBMS serves as the intermediary between the user and the database.

The more users access the data, the greater the risks of data security breaches.

Wider access to well managed data promotes an integrated view of the organizations operations and a clearer view of the big picture.

Data inconsistency exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places.

The DBMS makes it possible to produce quick answers to ad hoc queries

Better managed data and improved data access make it possible to generate better-quality information, on which better decisions are based.

The availability of data, combined with the tools that transform data into usable information, empowers end users to make quick, informed decisions that can make the differences berween success and failure in the global economy.

Database that supports only one user at a time.

A single user data base that runs in a personal computer

A type of data base that supports multiple users at the same time.

A type of database that supports a relatively small number of users or a specific department within an organization

A type of database that is used by the entire organization and supports many users across many departments

A type of database that supports data located at a single site.

A type of database that supports data distributed across several different sites.

A database that is created and maintained using cloud services, such as microsoft Azure or amazon AWS

Contains a wide variety of data used in multiple disciplines.

Contains data focused on specific subject areas

Designed primarily to support a companys day to dat operations

Focused primarily on storing histroical data and business metrics used for tactical or strategic decision making.

refers to the activities that focus on the design of the database structure that will be used to store and mange end-user data.

a definite improvement over the manual system, and the file system served as useful purpose in data management for over two (2) decades.

The first and most glaring problem with the file system approach is that even the simplest data-retrieval task requires extensive programming.

The need to write programs to produce even the simplest reports makes ad hoc queries impossible.

System administration becomes more difficult as the number of files in the system expands.

Another fault of a file system data repository is a lack of security and limited data sharing.

Making changes to an existing file structure can be difficult in a file system environment.

A data characteristic in which a change in the database schema affects data access, thus requiring changes in all access programs.

A data characteristic in which changes in the database schema do not affect data access.

A data condition in which data representation and manipulation are dependent on the physical data storage characteristics.

A condition in which data access is unaffected by changes in the physical data storage characteristics.

It exists when the same data is stored unnecessarily at different places.

Having multiple copies of data increases the chances for a copy of the data to be susceptible to unauthorized access.

exists when different and conflicting versions for the same data appear in different places.

more likely to occur when complex entries are made in several different files or recur frequently in one or more files.

It is possible to enter a nonexistent sales agent's name and phone number into the Customer file, but customers are not likely to be impressed if the insurance agency supplies the name and phone number of an agent who does not exist.

-A data abnormality in which inconsistent changes have been made to a database. -A data anomaly develops when not all of the required changes in the redundant data are made successfully.

focuses on how the database structure will be used to store and manage end-user data.

is relatively simple representation, usually graphical, of more complex real-world data structures.

It is a person, place, thing, or event about which data will be collected and stored.

It is a characteristic of an entity.

It describes an association among entities.

Data models can facilitate interaction among the designer, the applications programmer, and the end user.

The quest for better data management has led to several models that attempt to resolve the previous model's critical shortcomings and to provide solutions to ever-evolving data management needs.

-It was developed in the 1960s to manage large amounts of data for complex manufacturing projects. -The model's basic logical structure is represented by an upside-down tree. It contains levels, or segments. -Segment is the equivalent of a file system's record type.

It was created to represent complex data relationships more effectively than the hierarchical model, to improve database performance, and to impose a database standard. - The network database model is generally used today, the standard database concepts that emerged with the network model are still used by modern data models

It is the conceptual organization of the entire database as viewed by the database administrator.

it defines the portion of the database toy the application programs that actualy produce the. desired information from the data in the database.

It defines the environment in which data can be managed

It allows the database administrator to define the schema components.

It was introduced in 1970 by E. F. Codd of IBM. The relational model represented a major breakthrough for both users and designers. The foundation of mathematical concept is known as a relation.

It was introduced in 1976 by Peter Chen.

Increasingly complex real-world problems demonstrated a need for a data model that more closely represented the real world.

A metalanguage used to represent and manipulate data elements.

It refers to a movement to find new and better ways to manage large amounts of web and sensor-generated data and derive business insight from it, while simultaneously providing high performance and scalability at a reasonable cost.

It refer to the amounts of data being stored.

It refers not only to the speed with which data grows but also to the need to process this data quickly in order to generate information and insight.

It refers to the fact that the data being collected comes in multiple different data formats.

It is a large-scale distributed database system that stores structured and unstructured data in efficient ways.

One of the big advantages of NoSQL databases is that they generally use a distributed database node.

NoSQL databases can handle very high volumes of data. In particular, they are suited for sparse data - that is, for cases in which the number of attributes is very large but the number of actual data instances is low.

True to its web origins, NoSQL databases are designed to support web operations, such as the ability to add capacity in the form of nodes to the distributed database when the demand is high, and to do it transparently and without downtime.

One of the biggest problems if very large distributed databases are enforcing data consistency.

It is the end user's view of the data environment. It refers to people who use the application programs to manipulate the data and generate information. - ER diagrams will be used to represent the external views.

It represents a global view of the entire database by the entire organization.

it is the basis for the identification and high-level description of the main data objects.

It is the representation of the database as "seen" by the DBMS. It requires the designer to match the conceptual mode's characteristics and constraints to those of the selected implementation model.

depicts a specific representation of an internal model, using the database constructs supported by the chosen database.

operates at the lowest level of abstraction, describing the way data is saved on storage media such as magnetic, solid state, or optical media.