Despite the complexity and diversity of life the structure of DNA is dependent on only ______

Dictate amino-acid sequence in proteins

are polymers of nucleotides

Nitrogeneous base + Pentose + Phosphate

Where does it Takes Place: Nucleus Purpose: Duplicate a full strand of DNA Process: ?

carries the genetic code – stores and transmits genetic information from one generation to the next

The chemical link between generations

is synthesized in the nucleus and exported to the cytoplasm

generally "single-stranded"

Where does it Takes Place: Nucleus Purpose: Use a strand of DNA to build a molecule of mRNA Process: ?

A nucleotide WITHOUT a phosphate group is a

DNA controls all living processes including production of new cells-_______

Nitrogeneous base

There are two types of nucleic acids: - deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). These are polymers consisting of long chains of monomers called _______

genetic messages are read and carried out of the cell nucleus to the ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs.

Process: Translation Main Participants: mRNA, ribosome, tRNA (and amino acid) Products: ?

The nucleus contains the cell’s ____ (genome)

DNA/RNA give information to _______, which is then passed from parent to offspring

have a 2’-OH

major function of nucleic acids involves the storage and expression of _________

generally "double-stranded"

genetic messages are decoded to make proteins.

Adenine Uracil Cytosine Guanine

Genetic material - sequence of nucleotides encodes different amino acids

identical copies of DNA are made

_____ make the links that unite the sugars (hence a “sugar-phosphate backbone”

ribose deoxyribose

Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine

are large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses.

All nucleotides are 2 ring structures composed of:

DNA is located in the ______ of the cell

is dependent on the nucleotide sequence

Processes in the transfer of genetic information:

encodes the information cells need to make proteins.

Chromosomes are made of

have a 2’-H

Involved in the transcription/translation of genetic material (DNA)

Where does it Takes Place: Cytoplasm Purpose: Use mRNA to build an amino acid chain Process: ?

The sugars have their carbon atoms numbered with ____ to distinguish them from the nitrogen bases

The source of genetic information in chromosomes

Process: Replication Main Participants: DNA, DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase Products: ?

Nitrogeneous base + Pentose

are carbon ring structures containing nitrogen linked to a 5-carbon sugar (a ribose)

The 4th type of macromolecules

Process: Transcription Main Participants: DNA, DNA polymerase, (DNA ligase) Products: ?

A ______ consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate group:

are molecules that store information for cellular growth and reproduction

Purine Pyrimidine

_____ are made up of simple units called nucleotides, connected in long chains

Nucleotides have 3 parts:

DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, long, thread-like polymers made up of a linear array of monomers called

is either a ribose or a deoxy-ribose making the nucleotide either a ribonucleotide or a deoxyribonucleotide