are large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses.

major function of nucleic acids involves the storage and expression of _________

encodes the information cells need to make proteins.

Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine

Adenine Uracil Cytosine Guanine

generally "double-stranded"

generally "single-stranded"

Dictate amino-acid sequence in proteins

DNA/RNA give information to _______, which is then passed from parent to offspring

The 4th type of macromolecules

The chemical link between generations

The source of genetic information in chromosomes

Processes in the transfer of genetic information:

identical copies of DNA are made

genetic messages are read and carried out of the cell nucleus to the ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs.

genetic messages are decoded to make proteins.

Where does it Takes Place: Nucleus Purpose: Duplicate a full strand of DNA Process: ?

Where does it Takes Place: Nucleus Purpose: Use a strand of DNA to build a molecule of mRNA Process: ?

Where does it Takes Place: Cytoplasm Purpose: Use mRNA to build an amino acid chain Process: ?

Process: Replication Main Participants: DNA, DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase Products: ?

Process: Transcription Main Participants: DNA, DNA polymerase, (DNA ligase) Products: ?

Process: Translation Main Participants: mRNA, ribosome, tRNA (and amino acid) Products: ?

The nucleus contains the cell’s ____ (genome)

is synthesized in the nucleus and exported to the cytoplasm

are polymers of nucleotides

are carbon ring structures containing nitrogen linked to a 5-carbon sugar (a ribose)

is either a ribose or a deoxy-ribose making the nucleotide either a ribonucleotide or a deoxyribonucleotide

Genetic material - sequence of nucleotides encodes different amino acids

Involved in the transcription/translation of genetic material (DNA)

Despite the complexity and diversity of life the structure of DNA is dependent on only ______

is dependent on the nucleotide sequence

All nucleotides are 2 ring structures composed of:

ribose deoxyribose

Purine Pyrimidine

A nucleotide WITHOUT a phosphate group is a

DNA controls all living processes including production of new cells-_______

carries the genetic code – stores and transmits genetic information from one generation to the next

Chromosomes are made of

DNA is located in the ______ of the cell

Nitrogeneous base + Pentose + Phosphate

Nitrogeneous base + Pentose

Nitrogeneous base

_____ are made up of simple units called nucleotides, connected in long chains

Nucleotides have 3 parts:

_____ make the links that unite the sugars (hence a “sugar-phosphate backbone”

are molecules that store information for cellular growth and reproduction

There are two types of nucleic acids: - deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). These are polymers consisting of long chains of monomers called _______

A ______ consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate group:

DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, long, thread-like polymers made up of a linear array of monomers called

have a 2’-OH

have a 2’-H

The sugars have their carbon atoms numbered with ____ to distinguish them from the nitrogen bases