os_module 2_lesson 1 and 2
問題一覧
1
operating system should be convenient to use, easy to learn, reliable, safe, and fast
user goals
2
operating system should be easy to design, implement, and maintain, as well as flexible, reliable, error-free, and efficient
system goals
3
The __________ is to run the entire operating system as a single program in kernel mode. The operating system is written as a collection of procedures, linked together into a single large executable binary program.
monolithic approach
4
written to provide the most functionality in the least space. Although it has some structure, its interfaces and levels of functionality are not well separated
MS-DOS
5
limited by hardware functionality, the original UNIX operating system had limited structuring.
UNIX
6
The UNIX OS consists of two separable parts:
systems program and the kernel
7
The operating system is divided into a number of layers (levels), each built on top of lower layers. The bottom layer
(layer 0), is the hardware; the highest (layer N) is the user interface.
layered approach
8
The basic idea behind the ____________ design is to achieve high reliability by splitting the operating system up into small, well-defined modules, only one of which—the microkernel—runs in kernel mode and the rest run as relatively powerless ordinary user processes.
microkernel system structure
9
Communication takes place between user modules using
___________
message passing
10
Many modern operating systems implement ________________
loadable kernel modules
11
Overall, similar to layers but with more flexible. (Linux, Solaris)
modular structure
12
Aqua UI plus Cocoa programming environment. Below is kernel consisting of Mach microkernel and BSD Unix parts, plus I/O kit and dynamically loadable modules (called kernel extensions)
Apple Mac OS X hybrid, layered
13
Apple mobile OS for iPhone, iPad. Structured on Mac OS X, added functionality. Does not run OS X applications natively
iOS Architecture
14
Developed by Open Handset Alliance (mostly Google (Open Source). Similar stack to IOS and based on Linux kernel but modified
Android OS Architecture
15
________ is finding and fixing errors, or bugs
debugging
16
___ generate log files containing error information
OS
17
______________ can generate core dump file capturing memory of the process
failure of an application
18
_______________ can generate crash dump file containing kernel memory
operating system failure
19
Beyond crashes, ______________ can optimize system performance
performance tuning
20
“Debugging is twice as hard as writing the code in the first
place. Therefore, if you write the code as cleverly as possible, you are, by definition, not smart enough to debug it.”
Kernighan's Law
21
Improve performance by removing bottlenecks
performance tuning
22
Programming interface to the services provided by the OS
system call
23
If a process is running a user program in user mode and needs a system service, such as reading data from a file, it has to execute a ____________ to transfer control to the operating system.
trap instruction
24
The operating system then figures out what the calling process wants by inspecting the _________.
parameters
25
Then it carries out the system call and returns control to the instruction following the __________.
system call
26
In a sense, making a system call is like making a special kind of ___________—only system calls enter the kernel and
procedure calls do not.
procedure call
27
Typically, a number associated with each system call ____________, which maintains a table indexed according to
these numbers
system-call interface
28
_____________ methods do not limit the number or length of
parameters being passed.
block and stack
29
types of system calls
PFDICP
30
• end, abort
load, execute
get process attributes, set process attributes
wait for time
wait event, signal event
allocate and free memory
Dump memory if error
Debugger for determining bugs, single step execution
Locks for managing access to shared data between processes
process control
31
create file, delete file
open, close file
read, write, reposition
get and set file attributes
file management
32
request device, release device
read, write, reposition
get device attributes, set device attributes
logically attach or detach devices
device management
33
get time or date, set time or date
get system data, set system data
get and set process, file, or device attributes
information maintenance
34
create, delete communication connection
send, receive messages if message passing model to host name or process name (From client to server)
Shared-memory model, create and gain
access to memory regions
transfer status information
attach and detach remote devices
communications
35
Control access to resources
Get and set permissions
Allow and deny user access
protections
36
___________ provide a convenient environment for program development and execution.
system programs
37
Provide a convenient environment for program development and execution
system programs
38
Create, delete, copy, rename, print, dump, list, and generally manipulate files and directories
file management
39
Some ask the system for info - date, time, amount of available memory, disk space, number of users. Others provide detailed performance, logging, and debugging information
status information
40
- used to store and
retrieve configuration
information
registry
41
Text editors to create and modify files. Special commands to search contents of files or perform transformations of the text
file modification
42
Compilers, assemblers, debuggers and interpreters sometimes provided
Programming-language support
43
Absolute loaders, relocatable loaders, linkage editors, and overlay-loaders, debugging systems for higher-level and
machine language
Program loading and execution
44
Provide the mechanism for creating virtual
connections among processes, users, and computer systems.
Communications
45
Launch at boot time (Some for system startup, then terminate and some from system boot to shutdown). Provide facilities like disk checking, process scheduling, error logging, printing
Background Services
46
o Don’t pertain to system
o Run by users
o Not typically considered part of
OS
o Launched by command line,
mouse click, finger poke
Application programs
pee
pee
Leanne Lamano · 65問 · 1年前pee
pee
65問 • 1年前pee_lesson 10
pee_lesson 10
Leanne Lamano · 35問 · 1年前pee_lesson 10
pee_lesson 10
35問 • 1年前pee_finals
pee_finals
Leanne Lamano · 46問 · 1年前pee_finals
pee_finals
46問 • 1年前OS_ module 1
OS_ module 1
Leanne Lamano · 56問 · 1年前OS_ module 1
OS_ module 1
56問 • 1年前os
os
Leanne Lamano · 57問 · 1年前os
os
57問 • 1年前dsa
dsa
Leanne Lamano · 35問 · 1年前dsa
dsa
35問 • 1年前問題一覧
1
operating system should be convenient to use, easy to learn, reliable, safe, and fast
user goals
2
operating system should be easy to design, implement, and maintain, as well as flexible, reliable, error-free, and efficient
system goals
3
The __________ is to run the entire operating system as a single program in kernel mode. The operating system is written as a collection of procedures, linked together into a single large executable binary program.
monolithic approach
4
written to provide the most functionality in the least space. Although it has some structure, its interfaces and levels of functionality are not well separated
MS-DOS
5
limited by hardware functionality, the original UNIX operating system had limited structuring.
UNIX
6
The UNIX OS consists of two separable parts:
systems program and the kernel
7
The operating system is divided into a number of layers (levels), each built on top of lower layers. The bottom layer
(layer 0), is the hardware; the highest (layer N) is the user interface.
layered approach
8
The basic idea behind the ____________ design is to achieve high reliability by splitting the operating system up into small, well-defined modules, only one of which—the microkernel—runs in kernel mode and the rest run as relatively powerless ordinary user processes.
microkernel system structure
9
Communication takes place between user modules using
___________
message passing
10
Many modern operating systems implement ________________
loadable kernel modules
11
Overall, similar to layers but with more flexible. (Linux, Solaris)
modular structure
12
Aqua UI plus Cocoa programming environment. Below is kernel consisting of Mach microkernel and BSD Unix parts, plus I/O kit and dynamically loadable modules (called kernel extensions)
Apple Mac OS X hybrid, layered
13
Apple mobile OS for iPhone, iPad. Structured on Mac OS X, added functionality. Does not run OS X applications natively
iOS Architecture
14
Developed by Open Handset Alliance (mostly Google (Open Source). Similar stack to IOS and based on Linux kernel but modified
Android OS Architecture
15
________ is finding and fixing errors, or bugs
debugging
16
___ generate log files containing error information
OS
17
______________ can generate core dump file capturing memory of the process
failure of an application
18
_______________ can generate crash dump file containing kernel memory
operating system failure
19
Beyond crashes, ______________ can optimize system performance
performance tuning
20
“Debugging is twice as hard as writing the code in the first
place. Therefore, if you write the code as cleverly as possible, you are, by definition, not smart enough to debug it.”
Kernighan's Law
21
Improve performance by removing bottlenecks
performance tuning
22
Programming interface to the services provided by the OS
system call
23
If a process is running a user program in user mode and needs a system service, such as reading data from a file, it has to execute a ____________ to transfer control to the operating system.
trap instruction
24
The operating system then figures out what the calling process wants by inspecting the _________.
parameters
25
Then it carries out the system call and returns control to the instruction following the __________.
system call
26
In a sense, making a system call is like making a special kind of ___________—only system calls enter the kernel and
procedure calls do not.
procedure call
27
Typically, a number associated with each system call ____________, which maintains a table indexed according to
these numbers
system-call interface
28
_____________ methods do not limit the number or length of
parameters being passed.
block and stack
29
types of system calls
PFDICP
30
• end, abort
load, execute
get process attributes, set process attributes
wait for time
wait event, signal event
allocate and free memory
Dump memory if error
Debugger for determining bugs, single step execution
Locks for managing access to shared data between processes
process control
31
create file, delete file
open, close file
read, write, reposition
get and set file attributes
file management
32
request device, release device
read, write, reposition
get device attributes, set device attributes
logically attach or detach devices
device management
33
get time or date, set time or date
get system data, set system data
get and set process, file, or device attributes
information maintenance
34
create, delete communication connection
send, receive messages if message passing model to host name or process name (From client to server)
Shared-memory model, create and gain
access to memory regions
transfer status information
attach and detach remote devices
communications
35
Control access to resources
Get and set permissions
Allow and deny user access
protections
36
___________ provide a convenient environment for program development and execution.
system programs
37
Provide a convenient environment for program development and execution
system programs
38
Create, delete, copy, rename, print, dump, list, and generally manipulate files and directories
file management
39
Some ask the system for info - date, time, amount of available memory, disk space, number of users. Others provide detailed performance, logging, and debugging information
status information
40
- used to store and
retrieve configuration
information
registry
41
Text editors to create and modify files. Special commands to search contents of files or perform transformations of the text
file modification
42
Compilers, assemblers, debuggers and interpreters sometimes provided
Programming-language support
43
Absolute loaders, relocatable loaders, linkage editors, and overlay-loaders, debugging systems for higher-level and
machine language
Program loading and execution
44
Provide the mechanism for creating virtual
connections among processes, users, and computer systems.
Communications
45
Launch at boot time (Some for system startup, then terminate and some from system boot to shutdown). Provide facilities like disk checking, process scheduling, error logging, printing
Background Services
46
o Don’t pertain to system
o Run by users
o Not typically considered part of
OS
o Launched by command line,
mouse click, finger poke
Application programs