Largest organ of the body

Acts a waterproof, insulating shield, guarding the body against extremes of temperature, damaging sunlight and harmful chemical

Skin produces antibacterial substances that prevent infection and manufactures _________ and converting __________ into healthy bones

Eyelid thickness

Heel thickness

SKIN

SKIN FUNCTIONS

Against abrasion and UV light

Against microorganisms

Preventing water loss from the body and serving as barrier to the entry of microorganisms

Amount of blood flow and the activity of the sweat glands action beneath the skin

Through skin and glands

Reabsorption of calcium

Keep skin soft and smooth

UV light exposure = skin makes molecules

outermost layer

Thickness of 0.06-0.6mm

Composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells

(+) keratinocytes and melanocytes

Epidermal layers (sf to deep)

most superficial

Many dead cells that are periodically slough

Subsequent hardening and reduction of fluid in this layer = increase resistance to electrical currents

3-5 layers thick

Cells lack nuclei

Cell borders poorly defined

May be absent in skin because it is mainly found in soles of foot and palms

2-5 layers thick

Cells more elongated and flattened in appearance

For water and heat regilation

Reduced intercellular communication due to few cytoplasmic processes

Protects basale

Cells bound together by cytoplasmic processes and appear as spines

Deepest payer

Nuclei tend to be oval and located in the cytoplasm

Germinativum

AKA corium

Derived from mesoderm

Composed of 2 layers of irregular connective tissue

2-4mm thick

Dermis is 5-10x thicker than epidermis

Dermis contains

Dermal layers

Composed of collagen and elastic fibers

Responsible for fingerprints and footprints

Meshwork of denser connective tissue

Composed of collagen fibers and some elastic and reticular fibers

Rete peg regions - between the epidermis and dermis

Pain

Light touch

Discriminative touch

Heat

Cold

Pressure and vibrations

AKA hypodermis

Fats and loose connective tissue

Functions of subcutaneous layer

Accessory structures of the skin

Inflmmation of skin with itching redness and skin lesions

Allergic or contact dermatitis

Actinic dermatitis

Atopic or unknown dermatitis

Eczema

Impetigo, cellulitis, abscess

Causes of dermatitis

Superficial skin infection with inflammation caused bt staphylococcus and streptococci

Pus filled vesicles and itching

Suppuratice inflammation of cellular and connective tissue caused by staphylococcus and streptococci

Fever

Hot red and edematous limbs

Cavity containing pus and is surrounded by inflamed tissue caused by staphylococci

Viral infection

Vesicular eruptions on face and mouth

Vesicular eruption on genitalia

Reactivation of varicella zoster virus on the cerebral ganglia of posterior nerve roots

Associated with fever, chills, malaise and GI disturbances

Fue to human papilloma virus (HPV)

Ringworms

Forms a ring shaped patch on your skin with vesicles and scales

From scabies/mites and lice

Bruising

Injury with skin intact

Extravasations of blood into the subcutaneous tissue due to fragile or weak blood vessels

Tiny red or purple hemorrhage spots in your skin

Scraping away of skin due to mechanical injury

Irregular tear of skin resulting to a torn wound

Itching

Hives

Smooth, red, elevated patches on the skin

Due to anemia, venous or lymphatic obstruction, cardiac, circulatory it renal decomposition

Excessive moisture in the skin

Leaves a persistant indentation

Hard textured edema

Edema assessment

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Anemia, fear, arterial insufficiency or blood loss

Smoking, arterial disease obstruction, congenital heart disease and lung disease

Venous inssuficiency (hemosiderin stains)

Liver or gallbladder disease