paragraph and comprehension test: set 1

20問 • 1年前

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Four years ago, the governor came into office seeking to change how politics were run in this state. Now, it appears she has been the victim of her ambitious political philosophy. Trying to do too much has given her a reputation as being pushy, and the backlash in the state has let her accomplish little. As a result, she may very well lose in her reelection bid. The governor's approach to politics was:

overly idealistic

Since its first official documentation by Sir George Everest in 1865, Mount Everest in Nepal has been the "Ho Grail' of mountaineers. Sir Edmund Hillary of New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay of Nepal were the first men complete the ascent to the peak in May 1953. This feat won them international acclaim, not to mention knightho for Hillary. But much less celebrated is a woman's first successful ascent of Everest, which did not occur until M 16, 1975. Junko Tabei of Japan was the first woman to reach the summit of the world's most famous single peak. Stacy Allis of Portland was the first American woman to scale its heights successfully in 1988. A member of the first successful Mount Everest expedition was:

Sir Edmund Hillary

It is without question a travesty that our children are no longer given healthy, nutritious food options for lunch in our public schools. Hamburgers, pizza, and chocolate give our kids bigger waistlines, but these junk foods are also helping teach them poor eating habits. We must change the mindset that any food is good and start offering students better meals at the same prices. Otherwise, a new generation of obese Americans is a given. According to the passage, over the past few years, school lunches have gotten:

less nutritious

Families often choose to replace old furniture when just a minor amount of maintenance is needed. To fix a wobbly wooden chair, follow these easy steps. First, check the joints of the chair to see if the chair is structurally sound. There should be small dowel rods and a corner block to keep the chair together. Next, use a ripping chisel to remove the corner block. Once the block is free from the chair, you should be able to glue the joints back together. Finally, once the glue looks dry, place the corner block back on the chair and gently mallet the block onto the dowels. In no time, you will have saved the chair and your hard-earned money! After removing the corner block, you should:

glue the joints together

James felt the pulse of the crowd. There was a low murmur just under the house music. Backstage, his bandmates were tuning or drumming lightly on tabletops. In a few moments, the whole country would watch the band play. What a change from those dingy bars and clubs a few years ago. Maybe all the hard work had finally paid off. Looking down at his callused hands, he wondered if this might be the break they had been working so hard for. The tone of this passage is one of:

anticipation

The packaging of many popular foods is deceiving to consumers. Too often, the print is small and hard to read. And if you can read it, it's often confusing or intentionally vague. This is especially true on the nutrition label. The government should do something about the nutrition labels on food because the existing laws don't go far enough. The author would probably support which of the following?

allergy information prominently listed on food labels

In an age where we have pills for depression, dysfunction, and aggression, not to mention headaches, it is essential that we not forget that many drugs can have serious side effects. These may range from internal bleeding vomiting, or soreness in the limbs to, in extreme cases, loss of consciousness or even coma. If you experience unwanted side effects, getting to a hospital immediately and seeking treatment is essential. Drinking alcohol or smoking cigarettes may also contribute to violent side effects. According to the passage, one of the possible side effects of drugs is:

internal bleeding

First created at the height of postwar atomic paranoia, the Incredible Hulk stories offer a fascinating look at the dual nature of human beings. On the one hand, he is a mild-mannered, bespectacled scientist. On the other, he is a raging, rampaging beast. More than a statement about nuclear dangers, the Hulk reflects the two sides in each of us-the calm, logical human and the raging animal According to the author, the comic book character of the Hulk is:

a reflection of humanity

Once considered the best high school player in the country, the onetime prodigy now spends his days working as a bricklayer for a local construction company. If he is bitter about how his life turned out, he replies, "Not at all." He says his only regret is that he didn't study hard enough and attend college. He still gets recognized occasio but an extra 80 pounds and bad knees keep him from reliving his former glory on the court. The word prodigy in the passage most nearly means:

gifted youngster

Celebrated as one of the greatest film directors of the twentieth century, Alfred Hitchcock made his name by creating some of the most critically acclaimed suspense films ever. But while other directors of the genre seemed content telling stories of domestic intrigue, Hitchcock was not afraid to make films centering on unconventional subjects. One of his most celebrated films, The Birds, has no typical antagonist: the suspense comes not from a person out to do wrong but from nature itself. The main idea of the passage above is that:

Alfred Hitchcock was not afraid to tell unconventional stories

Bassoons are double-reeded wood instruments that produce a deep baritone sound. A bassoon's pitch can be altered by adjusting a curved tube called a bocal. The deeper the bocal is inserted into the bassoon, the higher the pitch. Conversely, pulling the bocal out of the instrument lowers the pitch. It can be inferred from the passage that the bassoon:

is capable of a range of pitches

Investors who believe that a company's stock price is overvalued can perform an action called a "short sale." To short a stock, an investor sells shares she does not currently own; typically, shares for short selling are borrowed from a broker. If the stock drops in price, the investor can buy the shares at a lower price. Shorting stocks is risky, though, if the stock suddenly comes at a higher price, resulting in a significant loss. According to the passage, an investor who shorts stocks first:

sells shares of a company's stock, then buys those shares at a later date

As rays of sunlight peeked through the tops of the trees, Mark felt at peace. It had been years since he had walked these trails. Everything was quiet and calm. It seemed to him that he finally saw the woods as they truly were: a refuge, a place to be renewed, a respite from the clamor and chaos of the city. In this passage, respite most nearly means:

relief

The bus system in the city needs a drastic overhaul. Last week, the Main Street bus line was reduced from one bus every 15 minutes to one bus an hour. The week before that, the Uptown bus was canceled entirely. Each change occurred with no notice! The city expects people to continue to use public transportation; it needs to reduce the bus system issues. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

The Main Street bus line has experienced reduced service in the past.

The European hedgehog is found in a wide range of habitats in Western Europe. It is popular because of its charming appearance and appetite for many pests plaguing European gardens. Unlike warmer-climate species of hedgehog, the European hedgehog is known to hibernate in the winter. It is a solitary animal, although occasionally a male and female will share a hibernation nest. While currently stable across much of continental Europe, the population of European hedgehogs is thought to be declining severely in Great Britain. Which of the following best describes the topic of this passage?

the characteristics and behavior of one species of hedgehog in Europe

Questions 7 and B refer to th flowing paragraph. in 1918, as the world prepared to celebrate the end of World war stealthier form of death appeared: the so-called "Spanish influenza." It is said that this strain of influenza killed more in a single year than the bubonic plague killed in a century. The outbreak gave modern scientists their first dose look at a worldwide pandemic and paved the way for great medical advances. Furthermore, the unprecedented number of patients led to a boom in the medical field. One lasting result was increased pay for doctors encouraging many to enter the profession. It could be said that the Spanish flu introduced the idea of "medicine for profit" to the world. It can be inferred from the passage that:

doctor today might not have chosen to enter the medical profession before World War

In the context of the paragraph, the word unprecedented most nearly means:

extraordinary

Before the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 was extinguished, rumors circulated that it had been caused by the now infamous "Mrs. O'Leary's cow." Yet, after nine days of questioning fifty people, investigating authorities issued an inconclusive report about the fire's cause. "Whether it originated from a spark blown from a chimney on that windy night," the report read, "or was set on fire by human agency, we cannot determine." Besides Catherine O'Leary and her cow, suspects at the time included several colorful residents of Chicago's immigrant community, including "Peg Leg" Sullivan, who had first alerted the O'Leary family to the fire. In the end, the true cause or culprit will likely never be known. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

The cause of the 1871 Chicago fire will probably never be Determined.

Despite his famous theories about how children are sexual beings who may develop into adults with unconscious psychological conflicts, Freud had only one patient during his lifetime who was a child. But this fact alone is not sufficient reason to dismiss his entire theory. Many of his ideas were based on information gained from reliable case histories of his adult patients. While some of his conclusions have been questioned in light of recent indings in neuropsychology, his most noteworthy contributions to psychology stand up against the criticisms of those who accuse him of fabricating his evidence to confirm his preconceived theories. The author would most likely agree with which of the following?

Although recent science has weakened some of Freud's theories, he should still be seen as maki significant contributions to psychology.

At the beginning of the universe, temperatures were incredibly high. During this period of high energy, vast amounts of hydrogen, helium, and lithium were created. Although hydrogen and helium are still abundant, scientists believe the amount of lithium currently measured comprises only about a third of what we should expect. There are various explanations for why this might be, including some involving hypothetical elementary particles known as axions. Others believe that lithium is trapped in the core of stars, making it undetectable by our current instruments. Of the many theories proposed, there is no clear front-runner to explain the absence of lithium in the universe. According to the passage, axions have been hypothesized to:

explain why scientists detect less lithium in the universe than expected

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