問題一覧
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It is the quality which makes an act good or bad, good or evil, right or wrong.
Morality
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MORAL DISTINCTIONS:
Moral, Immoral, Amoral
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These acts are done knowingly, deliberately, and freely.
Human Acts
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when the person fully understands what he is doing and has the ability to appreciate the consequences of his actions.
Knowingly
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when the person did his actions intentionally.
Deliberately
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when the person performed his actions voluntarily.
Freely
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The Three Main Branches of the Philosophical Study of Ethics:
meta, normative, applied
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consists in the attempt to answer the fundamental philosophical questions about the nature of ethical theory itself.
Meta ethics
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is the study of what makes actions right or wrong, what makes situations or events good or bad and what makes people virtuous or vicious.
Normative ethics
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is also called practical ethics, is the application of ethics to real-world problems. Practical ethics attempts to answer the question of how people should act in specific situations
Applied ethics
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TWO (2) DIVISIONS OF ETHICS
General ethics, Special ethics
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it is the study of general principles of morality.
General ethics
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it is the study of application of the general principles of morality; included in this division is the category of professional ethics.
Special ethics
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it is a set of moral code to which every profession must subscribe guides the professional where the law is silent or inadequate.
Professional ethics
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it is an example of professional ethics. It is a practical science that treats the principle of human morality and duty as applied to law enforcement.
Police ethics
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it is anything that a person considers important in life such as material things, ideas and experiences.
Values
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KINDS OF VALUES
biological, psychological, intellectual, moral
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those that are necessary for the survival such as food, shelter, clothing, sex, water and sleep. These includes physiological needs man as a man.
Biological values
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those that are necessary for emotional fulfilment of man such as relationships, companionship, family, friendships and love.
Psychological values
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those that are necessary for the for the intellectual fulfilment of man such as achievements, career and success
Intellectual values
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those that are necessary for the spiritual fulfilment of man
Moral values
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it is the habit that inclines the person to act in a way that harmonizes with his nature. It is the habit of doing good. It’s opposite is vice, the habit of doing bad.
Virtue
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FOUR (4) MORAL/CARDINAL VIRTUES
prudence, temperence, fortitude, justice
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it is the ability to govern and discipline oneself by means of reason and sound judgment.
Prudence
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It is the virtue that attracts the intellect to choose the most effective means for accomplishing what is morally good and avoiding what is evil
Prudence
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it is the one ‘s ability to moderate or avoid something. It is a virtue that regulates the carnal appetite for sensual pleasure
Temperence
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it means firmness of mind. It is the courage to endure without yielding. It is a virtue that incites courage
Fortitude
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it is the virtue that inclines the will to give to each one of his rights.
Justice
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it is calmness and composure in enduring situations.
Patience
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it is the ability to go on despite the obstacles
Perseverance
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it is the ability to last
Endurance
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THREE DIVISIONS OF JUSTICE
commutative, distributive, legal
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it is a virtue that regulates those actions that involve the rights that exist between one and another
Commutative
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it regulates those actions that involve the rights than an individual may claim from society.
Distributive
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it is a virtue that regulates those actions which society may justly require of the individual for the common good
Legal
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BACKGROUND ON THE PNP CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS
Section 37 6975, Napolcom Resolution 92-4
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NAPOLCOM RESOLUTION NO. 92-4 was approved on
May 12, 1992
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it is the failure to perform an act or duty that is part of one’s obligation without sufficient excuse.
Non-feasance
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is an act that is illegal and causes physical or monetary harm to someone else. Malfeasance is intentional conduct that is wrongful or unlawful, especially by officials or public employees.
Malfeasance
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It is the lack of adequate ability and fitness for the satisfactory performance of police duties. It could be due to physical or intellectual limitations or lack of skill
Incompetence
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it is the absence of knowledge which a person ought to possess
Ignorance
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is the act of engaging in an action or duty but failing to perform the duty correct. It refers to an action that is unintentional
Misfeasance
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refers to the improper performance of a lawful act, resulting in harm or injury to another person or entity. It is a term primarily used in tort law, which deals with civil wrongs and the compensation for damages caused by such wrongs
Misfeasance
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cruel or unjust use of authority or power
Oppression
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it is the abandonment or renunciation of one’s loyalty to the government of the Philippines. It is advocating to overthrow the present administration.
Disloyalty to the government
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It is the act or liberty to decide according to the principles of justice and the police officer’s ideas of what is right and proper under the circumstances.
Police Discretion
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is the concealment or distortion of truth in a matter of fact relevant to one's office or connected with the performance of his duties
Dishonesty