- basic ideas that apply to all organisms - connects many things in the exploration of life

- has properties/ functions based on the arrangement and interactions ofits parts - together, the parts of our body enables us to move

•contraction of muscles attached to bones causes movement •blood vessels then supply these parts with oxygen and food

Example of system

organisms in the _ require a steady supply of certain chemicals to live

Interaction of organisms with each other and with the nonliving environment put the system in ecosystem

applies to all Levels of life from the biosphere all the way down to the molecules in cells

All organisms are made of cells

Levels of organization

Most multicellular organisms have cells that are specialized for different functions

Example of the cellular basis of life

Contract and enable us to move

Transmit impulses that control our muscles

A multicellular organism's development and survival are based on the functions and interactions of its many cells

is a theme you will encounter often as you explore the living world

The relationship between _ and _ is apparent in the entire organism and the physiological systems that serve them • The _ determines function, _ reflects structure - Technically, they are inseparable

The _ of the bird's bones contributes to the bird's ability to fly Inside the bones, an open, honeycomb-like structure provides greatstrength with little weight Birds have long extensions of nervecells that control their flightmuscles These fibers make it possible for the bird's brain to coordinate flying movements

Structures that are shared by related species and that have been inherited from a common ancestor.

"Like begets like" - The offspring inherits units of information called genes from their parents • Genes: - Responsible for family resemblance - Made up of information-rich molecules called DNA

The offspring inherits units of information called genes from their parents

- Responsible for family resemblance - Made up of information-rich molecules called DNA

• Each cell in the body contains a copy of all DNA that were inherited from our mother and father - When a cell divides, it copies its DNA and passes this genetic information on to each of the two cells it produces

• In humans, an egg cell from the mother fuses with a sperm cell from the father - This results in a fertilized cell containing a combination of DNA from both parents - The inherited DNA directs the transformation of the fertilized egg into a person with his/her own eye color, facial features and other characteristics • *The inherited information in the form of DNA enables organisms to produce their own kind

• No organism is completely isolated from its surroundings • As part of an ecosystem, each organism interacts continuously with its environment - The plants obtain water and nutrients from the soil, carbon dioxide from the air and energy from sunlight

• The transfer of chemicals between organisms and their environments is a key process in any ecosystem - Breathing air, drinking water, eating food and getting rid of wastes are chemical exchanges with the environment

There is a constant sensing and responding to changes in the environment The specialized leaf of the Venus flytrap senses the light footsteps of a soon-to-be-digested fly The plant responses by rapidly folding the leaf together

There is a constant sensing and responding to changes in the environment The sun may cause organism to squint The bark of an approaching dog causes you to turn your head quickly

Moving, growing, reproducing and other activities of life require _ _ is obtained from chemical reactions - Sugars, fats and other "fuel-like" Glycoge Distnib molecules in the food produce _

is obtained from chemical reactions - Sugars, fats and other "fuel-like" molecules in the food produce _

_ enters the ecosystem as sunlight

Energy enters the ecosystem as sunlight Plants are producers that convert light energy to chemical energy stored in food Animals and other consumers obtain their energy in chemical form by eating Energy exist in the ecosystem as heat, which all organisms generate as they perform work

• Because all organisms lose energy in the form of heat, an ecosystem cannot recycle energy. *Life on Earth depends on a continuous supply of energy from the sun

*Life on Earth depends on a continuous supply of _

Organisms have the ability to regulate their internal conditions • The thermostat of the brain reacts whenever your body temperature varies slightly from 37•C • It then sends signals to the skin to produce sweat. Sweating helps cool the body • Panting is another example of cooling mechanism. It causes moisture from the surface ofthe lungs to

• The ability of mammals and birds to regulate body temperature is another example of homeostasis or "steady-state" • Different mechanisms enable organisms to regulate their internal environment despite changes in their external environment

Explains changes in organisms over long periods of time - Adaptation allows life forms to acquire new characteristics in response to their environment through the process of natural selection Some animals make their coats lightened to facilitate hiding from predators

• The study of _ is helping health professionals understand how disease-causing bacteria become resistant to antibiotic drugs • Environmental issues such as water and air pollution are changing how people think about their relationship with the biosphere • The population then evolves with its need forsurvival

Darker beetles are more likely to survive longer and reproduce, passing their genes on to more offsprings

Great _ exists among the three domains of livin things: - Bacteria, Archea and Eukarya _ explains this diversity Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace - Worked on the idea of evolution by natural selection

Great diversity exists among the three domains of livin things:

Worked on the idea of evolution by natural selection

Involves asking questions about nature and then using observations or experiments to find possible answers to those questions By fitting a radio transmitter onto an Atlantic turtle, rescarchers can monitor its movement This can help researchers defermine how large a nature preserve must be to support a population

Modern biology is changing humans' everyday lives - New findings about the DNA affect medicine and agriculture - Research on the nervous system is improving the treatment of certain mental illnesses - The result of stem cell research, animal cloning, environmental issues, genetically modified crops or new ways to treat diseases show the impact ofbiology

Technology applies scientific knowledge in new ways In 2013, Australia developers created a prototype for a bioniceye. It sends an image to a microchip in the brain, allowing the user to "see" the image

• Through science, humans learn about the solution to various problems • The scientific method is able to give direction and pace for every inquiry • Technology produced machinery to lengthen the life of perishable goods

10 unifying themes of life