The power or act to do something

3 Elements of freedom

The state or fact of having a duty to deal with something

Actions shared by humans and other animals

It refer to the appropriate actions of human beings

What are the three elements of Human Acts?

These are acts originating from the individual performing the act using knowledge about the situations of the act.

2 Classifications of Voluntary Actions

Actions are performed from will and reason.

It is considered as mixed voluntary and involuntary

Are acts done under

2 Classifications of Involuntary Actions

Circumstances which are beyond the control of the agent and contribute none to the action.

This is a choice which is deliberately selected based on moral standpoint.

It is a choice which is borne out of psychological and emotional considerations.

According to him, morality cannot exist without both freedom and obligation.

an organized group of people whose members interact frequently and have a common territory and culture.

An agreement where individuals sacrifice an amount of their freedom and submit to a higher authority.

He considered person in their natural state as more cooperative and reasonable, and that society is formed through the consent individuals that organized it, consent of the governed.

the government is able to impose its will on the people.

Described people’s self-interest as an important factor in building and maintaining societies.

When more than one person desires and works to achieve the same good then it can be said that the common good exists among them.

Earliest and simplest form of society

Domestication of animals for more stable food supply

Primarily engages in the small-scale cultivation of plants, fruits, and vegetables and the domestication of animals.

Improved technology and the use of tools to aid in farming.

Based on the ownership of land.

Use of specialized machinery in the production of goods and services

Marked by the establishment of societies based on knowledge, information, and the sale of services

set of traits that society considers acceptable.

more formal norms that establish and define acceptable behavior of citizens.

less formal norms that arise from tradition and do not result in punishment when violated.

actions and behaviors expected of a certain individual.

individuals who perform similar roles are grouped together.

certain groups that perform vital functions in society.

actions or ideals that are considered important by society.

was simply equated to the stopping of heartbeat and breathing.

It refers to a list of things that one has not done before but wants to do before dying.

It is the philosophical or religious concept that an aspect of a living being starts a new in life in a different physical body or form after each biological death.

“No man knows whether death may not even turn out to be the greatest blessing for a human being; and yet people fear it as if they knew for certain that it is the greatest of evil.”

“All sensation and consciousness end with death.”

“When a man dies, he does not feel the pain of death because he no longer is and therefore feels nothing.”

“Being Present: Living in the Moment”

“Fearing nonexistence gets in the way of enjoying life.”

“If death is an evil at all, it cannot be because of its positive features, but only because of what it deprives us of.”

#fomo: fear of missing out”

“…none of us existed before we were born (or conceived), but few regard that as a misfortune.”

#regrets: “Regrets are illuminations come too late.”

“Well, don’t just stand there. Let’s get going.” “Where do you think? To conquer this place called Hell of course.”

The Golden Rule: "Do to others as you would want done to you."

He believed that there was a fundamental order in the universe and that man, nature, and the cosmos (heaven) were liked by a natural harmony.

According to him we have to treat another person as a subject.

he was famous for his creation of "I-Thou" And "I-It" relationship.

He is also St. John Paul II but as a philosopher we use his real name. For Wojtyla, human action is the foundation of our being.