問題一覧
1
provides an environment for the execution of programs
Operating System
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exchange messages with one another to transfer information
message-passing model
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shared_memory_Create() and shared_memory_attach system calls to create and gain access to regions of memory owned by other processes
shared-memory model
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provides mechanism for controlling access to resources. provided by a computer system
Protection
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window system with a mouse that serves as a pointing device to direct I/O. GUI is used here.
User Interface
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also known as systen utilities
system services
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provide a convenient environment for program development and execution
system services
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uses text command and a method for entering them is also an option
Command-Line Interface
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must be able to load a program into memory and to run that program
Program Execution
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running program may require I/O, which many involve a file or an I/O device
I/O Operations
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create, delete, copy, rename, print, list, and generally access and manipulate files
file management
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simply ask the system for date, time, smount of available memory
status information
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programs need to read and write files and directories
File-system manipulation
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used to store and retrieve configuration information
registry
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implemented via shared memory
Communication
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create and modify the content of files
file modification
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when there are multiple programs running, resources must be allocated to each of them
Resource Allocation
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compilers, assemblers, debuggers, and interpreters
programming-language support
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this record keeping may be used for accounting accumulating usage statistics
Logging
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once a program is assembled or compiled, it must be loaded into memory to be executed
program loading and execution
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The OS needs to be detecting and correcting errors constantly
Error Detection
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may be a valuable tool for system admins who wish to reconfigure the system
Usage statistics
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creating virtual connections among processes, users, and computer systems
communications
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all general-purpose system has methods for launching certain system-program process at boot time.
background services
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ensuring that all access to system resources is controlled
Protection
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requiring each user to authenticate himself to the system
Security
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special program that is running when a process is initiated or when a user logs in
Command Interpreters
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Interpreters are known as _____?
shells
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main function is to get and execute the next user specified command
Command Interpreters
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users employ a mouse-based window-and-menu system characterized by a desktop metaphor
Graphical User Interface
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users interact by making gestures on the touch screen
Touch-screen Interface
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provide an interface to the services made available by an operating system
System Calls
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these calls are generally available as functions in C and C++
System Calls
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set of functions that are available to an application programmer
Application Programming Interface (API)
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used to create new process (code)
CreateProcess()
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full-suite of software needed to execute applications written in a given programming language
Run-time Environment
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provides system-call interface that serves as the link to system calls
Run-time Environment
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intercepts function calls in the API and invokes the necessary system calls within the operating system
System-Call Interface
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are usually stored in a block, ot table, in memory and the address of the block is passed as a parameter in a register
parameters
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a running program needs to be able to halt its execution normally. A dump of memory is sometimes taken and an error message is generated.
Process Control
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a system program designed to aid the programmer in finding and correcting errors
debugger
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either system call requires the name of the file and some of the file's attributes
File Management
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a process may need several resources to execute. process will have to wait until sufficient resources are available
Device Management
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transferring information between user program and the operating system.
Information Maintenance
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requires either a tracing facility or regular timer interrupts
time profile