問題一覧
1
What is the first step in the virus life cycle?
attachment
2
How do viruses attach to host cells?
random collisions via brownian motion
3
What protein does SARS-CoV-2 use to attach to host cells?
ACE2
4
What process do enveloped viruses use for entry into host cells?
endocytosis and membrane fusion
5
What occurs during the uncoating phase of viral entry?
the viral genome is released from the capsid
6
What is the most common method for virus entry into host cells?
endocytosis
7
How do viruses achieve host and tissue specificity?
by targeting specific receptors on cell surfaces
8
What is viral tropism?
the ability of a virus to target specific cell types
9
What viral structure is responsible for attachment in unenveloped viruses?
capsid proteins
10
What triggers membrane fusion for SARS-CoV-2 entry?
TMPRSS2 protease cleavage of the spike protein
11
What is the main advantage of membrane fusion for viral entry?
it allows faster entry into host cells
12
In the Baltimore classification, what is a key factor in virus classification?
nucleic acid type and replication mode
13
What is the primary location for DNA virus replication in the host cell?
nucleus
14
Which type of virus used reverse transcriptase for replication?
class vi
15
How do RNA viruses replicate their genome?
using their own RdRp
16
Which virus uses endocytosis as its main mode of entry?
dengue virus
17
Which of the following viruses is an example of a dsDNA virus?
hepatitis B virus
18
What feature allows viruses to replicate in a permissive host?
host cell factors that support viral replication
19
What type of viral genome does SARS-CoV-2 have?
ssRNA+
20
Which receptor/s are used by HIV for attachment to host cells?
CD4 and CCR5
21
What is the role of the fusion peptide in SARS-CoV-2 entry?
it allows fusion between the viral envelope and host membrane
22
What is the main process involved in viral transcription?
transcription of viral genes into mRNA
23
What is the final step in the viral life cycle?
Release of virions from the host cell
24
What mode of entry does adenovirus use?
Endocytosis
25
What is the result of viral latency?
Immune system evasion without replication
26
What feature of the cytoplasmic environment allows uncoating of the viral genome?
Low pH
27
In dsDNA viruses, where does viral transcription occur?
In the nucleus
28
What mechanism is used by retroviruses during replication?
Reverse transcription of RNA to DNA
29
Which viruses are more likely to cause latent infections?
Double-stranded DNA viruses
30
What viral enzyme is responsible for reverse transcription in retroviruses?
Reverse transcriptase
31
Which virus uses RNA as an intermediate during its replication?
Hepatitis B virus
32
What is the primary function of viral early genes in DNA viruses?
Initiation of viral DNA replication
33
What is a unique feature of hepatitis B virus replication?
It forms an RNA intermediate
34
What is a characteristic feature of tumour viruses?
They integrate their genome into the host DNA
35
How does reverse transcriptase contribute to hepatitis B virus replication?
It transcribes RNA into cDNA
36
What is the main purpose of culturing cells in virology labs?
To grow viruses for research
37
What medium is commonly used for cell culture?
Liquid media with essential nutrients
38
Which cell line is commonly used in virology studies?
HeLa cells
39
What is the main function of foetal bovine serum in cell culture media?
It provides essential lipids and hormones
40
What is the purpose of antibiotics in cell culture media?
To prevent microbial contamination
41
What does TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) allow scientists to observe?
Internal structures of cells and viruses
42
What is the magnification range of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)?
Up to 100,000x
43
Which type of genome and Baltimore class is Herpesvirus?
dsDNA, class I
44
What type of genome and Baltimore class is Poxvirus?
dsDNA, class I
45
Which type of genome and Baltimore class is Parvovirus?
ssDNA+, class II
46
Which type of genome and Baltimore class are Reoviruses like Rotavirus?
dsRNA, class III
47
Which type of genome and Baltimore class is SARS-CoV-2?
ssRNA+, class IV
48
Which type of genome and Baltimore class is Dengue virus?
ssRNA+, class IV
49
Which type of genome and Baltimore class is Influenza?
ssRNA-, class V
50
Which type of genome and Baltimore class is Rabies virus?
ssRNA-, class V
51
Which type of genome and Baltimore class are Retroviruses like HIV?
ssRNA+ with DNA intermediate, class VI
52
Which type of genome and Baltimore class is Hepatitis B virus?
dsDNA with RNA intermediate, class VII