PMLS Biohazard

41問 • 2年前

問題一覧

An object/s that is capable of inflicting harm onto an individual.

Hazard

Possibility of being inflicted with damage or loss of life by an object/s that has the potential to do so.

Risk

Due to the previous paradigm of occupational safety being only a matter of ethical and moral responsibility in the U.S., a law was enacted to shift this perspective to one that is highly regulated and considered to be a lawful endeavor, other countries immediately followed after. What is this law and what governing body enacts it?(No Acronyms)

Occupational Safety and Health Act and Occupational Safety and Health Administration

What are the hazards seen within the clinical laboratory?

Biohazard, Chemical Hazard, Fire Hazard, Electrical Hazard, Physical Hazard, Sharps Hazard, Ergonomic Hazard

Biohazards are present in what microorganisms? frequently present in what is being processed in the CL?

Pathogens, disease-causing microorganisms, and specimens

What part of the 6 CoI are disease-causing microorganisms designated in? Does the microorganism need to be infectious for it to be considered within this component?

Infectious Agent, no

A component of the 6-part CoI where the infectious agent is found living which can be either what?

Reservoir, animate or inanimate

Routes that pathogens use to exit their reservoir

Portal of Exit

Method utilized by the pathogen to infect a susceptible host, what are these methods?

Mode of Transmission, Contact, Airborne, Common Vehicle, Vector-borne

Routes through which a pathogen enters a susceptible host

Portal of Entry

An individual who is vulnerable to an infectious agent.

Susceptible Human Host

determine the 3 subtypes of Contact Transmission

Direct Contact, Indirect Contact, Droplet Transmission

Identify the 2 subtypes of direct contact in order. (Here’s a hint, Maternal, prior and during labor)

Vertical Transmission, Prenatal via placenta, Perinatal via vaginal passage, Horizontal via person to person

Indirect contact is the transmis of pathogens via inanimate reservoirs. Respiratory particles are usually considered as droplet nuclei having a diameter lesser than 5 micrometers and can travel distances greater than 1 meter. Aerosols and droplet nuclei are considered airborne being able to remain in the air for long periods capable of traveling distances exceeding 1 meter.

First statement is True, Second statement is False, Third statement is True

Common Vehicle transmission of pathogens are inanimate. What are these mediums? Vector-borne transmission are done solely by anopheles female insects and are divided into two subtypes which are?

First statement is true, Waterborne i.e. cholera, Soilborne i.e. strongyloides stercolaris, Second statement is False, Mechanical transmission, pathogen will not infect carrier, Biological transmission, Foodborne

The pathogen will likely induce a milder form of the disease to a host if it fails to enter through the right channels. Entering the right portal of entry will allow the pathogen to completely develop and cause a severe form of the disease

First statement is true, second statement is true

Another Model for the chain of infection in which it incorporates biosafety.

3-part model of Chain of Infection

The first component of the 3-part CoI includes the infectious agent and reservoir and what preventive measures?

Hand washing, Biohazardous waste disposal, Decontamination, Soecimen Bagging

the second component of the 3 part CoI consists of portals of entry and exit as well as mot, what are the preventive measures?

Hand washing, Personal protective equipment, Sterile/disposable equipment, Pest control, Aerosol prevention

the last component of the 3 part CoI focuses on what aspect of the host? what are the preventive measures advised?

Susceptibility, Immunization, Standard precautions, Exposure control plan, Postexposure prophylaxis

This measure is used to reduce the spread of an infection after an accidental/primary exposure .

Postexposure prophylaxis

Classifies biological infectious agents based on what? Where is this classification found in?

Biosafety Levels, Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories 5th edition

Identify what is the following microorganisms’ biosafety level i: 1. Bacilus subtilis 2. Escherichia coli 3.Ebola 4..Bacillus anthracis

BSL 1 Agent, BSL 2 Agent, BSL 4 Agent, BSL 3 Agent

Classifies an I.A. as only able to cause disease in an immunocompromised human

Biosafety Level 1 Agent

Classifies I.A. as a common causative agent of human disease and are transmitted via precutaneous injury, ingestion, bloodborne, and mucous membrane exposure.

Biosafety Level 2 Agent

Classifies I.A. as indigent causative agents of potentially lethal or damaging disease through droplet nuclei or droplets.

Biosafety level 3 agent

Dangerous or exotic causative agents of frequently fatal diseases transmitted via aerosols for which treatment is unknown

Biosafety level 4 agent

Classifies the level of risk an I.A. poses to an individual and community which is uused by two institutional/organizational bodies,

Risk group classification, National Institute of Health, World Health Organization

Classifies an I.A. as bein associated with disease in immunocompromised risk; posing no or low individual and community risk

Risk Group 1

Classifies I.A. as a common causative agent of disease that is rarely damaging and with treatment readily available; poses moderate individual risk and low community risk but is a serious hazard to lab workers, community and ecosystem with exposures in the lab causing serious but effectively treatable disease.

Risk Group 2

I.A. that is a causative agent for a serious/lethal disease i.e. HIV but rarely spreads and is treatable; poses high individual risk but low community risk

Risk Group 3

I.A. that are causatve agents to serious/lethal disease, treatment is scarce and is readily transmitted directly or indirectly; poses high risk for individuals and community

Risk Group 4

Protects germs from extremiet misuse, bioterrorism and overall unauthorized access.

Biosecurity

Containment principles implemented to prevent the unintentional release of infectious agent or toxins subsequently imposing a hazard in a community.

Biosafety

Set guidelines and regulations on biohazards focusing solely on bloodborne infectious agents as sources of infection.

Universal precautions

Set guidelines and regulations on biohazards with an emphasis on all bodily fluids as potential sources of infection without stressing standard precautions such as handwashing.

Body Substance Isolation

set guidelines and regulations on biohazards putting full emphasis on all bodily fluids as sources of contamination and biosafety precautions to prevent infection i.e. Handwashing, wearing PPE, and prevention of airborne infection.

Standard Precautions

Sequence the following in order: a. Put on rubber boots or overshoes b. Wear impermeable gown or waterproof apron over scrub c. put on goggles or face mask d. put on gloves e.perfrom hand hygiene f. put on facemask g. put on head cover h. Identify hazards, manage risk, and gather ppe

h., a., b., f., c, g, e., d.

If laboratory requires the performance of what procedure which requires what item in combination with face shield/eye protection? what test must be done to ensure quality of the said item?

Aerosol-generating procedure, Particulate respirator, Seal check

Rearrange the steps of doffing a ppe in order: a. Remove impermeable gown/waterproof apron for disposal or disinfection b. Remove gown and gloves, rolling inside out for disposal c.perfrorm hand hygiene d. perform hand hygiene again e. remove overshoes with gloves or using a boot remover if using rubber boots without touching them f. Remove face shield/goggles from behind the head for disinfection g. Remove mask from behind the head, untying the bottom string first before the first. h. remove head cover from behind the head

a., e., b., c., h., f., g., d.

A device that protrcts workers from exposure to aerosols that may potentially contain infectious disease agents which are sterilized using what? classified into four sunpbtypes called?

Biosafety Cabinets, high efficiency particulate air filter, biosafety cabinet classes

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問題一覧

An object/s that is capable of inflicting harm onto an individual.

Hazard

Possibility of being inflicted with damage or loss of life by an object/s that has the potential to do so.

Risk

Occupational Safety and Health Act and Occupational Safety and Health Administration

What are the hazards seen within the clinical laboratory?

Biohazard, Chemical Hazard, Fire Hazard, Electrical Hazard, Physical Hazard, Sharps Hazard, Ergonomic Hazard

Biohazards are present in what microorganisms? frequently present in what is being processed in the CL?

Pathogens, disease-causing microorganisms, and specimens

What part of the 6 CoI are disease-causing microorganisms designated in? Does the microorganism need to be infectious for it to be considered within this component?

Infectious Agent, no

A component of the 6-part CoI where the infectious agent is found living which can be either what?

Reservoir, animate or inanimate

Routes that pathogens use to exit their reservoir

Portal of Exit

Method utilized by the pathogen to infect a susceptible host, what are these methods?

Mode of Transmission, Contact, Airborne, Common Vehicle, Vector-borne

Routes through which a pathogen enters a susceptible host

Portal of Entry

An individual who is vulnerable to an infectious agent.

Susceptible Human Host

determine the 3 subtypes of Contact Transmission

Direct Contact, Indirect Contact, Droplet Transmission

Identify the 2 subtypes of direct contact in order. (Here’s a hint, Maternal, prior and during labor)

Vertical Transmission, Prenatal via placenta, Perinatal via vaginal passage, Horizontal via person to person

First statement is True, Second statement is False, Third statement is True

Common Vehicle transmission of pathogens are inanimate. What are these mediums? Vector-borne transmission are done solely by anopheles female insects and are divided into two subtypes which are?

First statement is true, second statement is true

Another Model for the chain of infection in which it incorporates biosafety.

3-part model of Chain of Infection

The first component of the 3-part CoI includes the infectious agent and reservoir and what preventive measures?

Hand washing, Biohazardous waste disposal, Decontamination, Soecimen Bagging

the second component of the 3 part CoI consists of portals of entry and exit as well as mot, what are the preventive measures?

Hand washing, Personal protective equipment, Sterile/disposable equipment, Pest control, Aerosol prevention

the last component of the 3 part CoI focuses on what aspect of the host? what are the preventive measures advised?

Susceptibility, Immunization, Standard precautions, Exposure control plan, Postexposure prophylaxis

This measure is used to reduce the spread of an infection after an accidental/primary exposure .

Postexposure prophylaxis

Classifies biological infectious agents based on what? Where is this classification found in?

Biosafety Levels, Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories 5th edition

Identify what is the following microorganisms’ biosafety level i: 1. Bacilus subtilis 2. Escherichia coli 3.Ebola 4..Bacillus anthracis

BSL 1 Agent, BSL 2 Agent, BSL 4 Agent, BSL 3 Agent

Classifies an I.A. as only able to cause disease in an immunocompromised human

Biosafety Level 1 Agent

Classifies I.A. as a common causative agent of human disease and are transmitted via precutaneous injury, ingestion, bloodborne, and mucous membrane exposure.

Biosafety Level 2 Agent

Classifies I.A. as indigent causative agents of potentially lethal or damaging disease through droplet nuclei or droplets.

Biosafety level 3 agent

Dangerous or exotic causative agents of frequently fatal diseases transmitted via aerosols for which treatment is unknown

Biosafety level 4 agent

Classifies the level of risk an I.A. poses to an individual and community which is uused by two institutional/organizational bodies,

Risk group classification, National Institute of Health, World Health Organization

Classifies an I.A. as bein associated with disease in immunocompromised risk; posing no or low individual and community risk

Risk Group 1

Risk Group 2

I.A. that is a causative agent for a serious/lethal disease i.e. HIV but rarely spreads and is treatable; poses high individual risk but low community risk

Risk Group 3

I.A. that are causatve agents to serious/lethal disease, treatment is scarce and is readily transmitted directly or indirectly; poses high risk for individuals and community

Risk Group 4

Protects germs from extremiet misuse, bioterrorism and overall unauthorized access.

Biosecurity

Containment principles implemented to prevent the unintentional release of infectious agent or toxins subsequently imposing a hazard in a community.

Biosafety

Set guidelines and regulations on biohazards focusing solely on bloodborne infectious agents as sources of infection.

Universal precautions

Set guidelines and regulations on biohazards with an emphasis on all bodily fluids as potential sources of infection without stressing standard precautions such as handwashing.

Body Substance Isolation

Standard Precautions

h., a., b., f., c, g, e., d.

If laboratory requires the performance of what procedure which requires what item in combination with face shield/eye protection? what test must be done to ensure quality of the said item?

Aerosol-generating procedure, Particulate respirator, Seal check

a., e., b., c., h., f., g., d.

A device that protrcts workers from exposure to aerosols that may potentially contain infectious disease agents which are sterilized using what? classified into four sunpbtypes called?

Biosafety Cabinets, high efficiency particulate air filter, biosafety cabinet classes