問題一覧
1
When classifying incidents, a major instance, involves how many patients
Tens
2
According to the Civil contingencies Act 2004, an emergency is defined as:
An event or situation which in serious damage to human welfare, damage to the environment or war/terrorism in the UK
3
JESIP define a major incident as
Situation with a range of serious consequences, which requires special arrangements to be implemented
4
According to the NHS, a major incident is defined as
Any occurrence that presents a serious threat to the health of the community, disruption to services, or causes, or is likely to cause such numbers or types of casualties, which require special arrangement to be implemented
5
when classifying, incidents and mass casualty incident involved, how many patients
Hundreds
6
When classifying incidents, a catastrophic incident, involves how many patients
Thousands
7
Potential causes of major incident would NOT include
Cloud on the mountain
8
Potential causes of major incidents can be
Big bang, rising tide, headline news, cloud on the horizon
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Potential injuries caused by major incident can include
Crush, blast, spinal, pelvic, chest, lacerations, concussions, maxillofacial
10
The key features of emergency, preparedness, resilience and response (EPRR) include
Category 1 responders, who plan to prevent reduce control and mitigate emergencies or other disruptions that occur
11
EPRR:
May include plans to prevent, reduce, control & mitigate emergencies, as well as business continuity arrangements & the use of threat levels
12
The NHS needs to plan for, & respond to, a wide range of incidents & emergencies that could affect health or patient care. This is known as:
Emergency preparedness, resilience & response (EPRR)
13
Why is EPRR important in our own organisation
Ensures NWAS are capable if effectively responding to major, critical & business continuity incidents whilst maintaining services to patients
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EPRR is important in NWAS as:
It is a requirement of the Civil Contingencies Act 2004
15
Interoperability means:
Services working together effectively to achieve a joint aim
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Organisations working together effectively to achieve a joint aim is also known as:
Interoperability
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Interoperability is important when dealing with a major incident because
It ensures that emergency service personnel work effectively with their colleagues & other services
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Interoperability is important so that
Emergency service personnel work effectively within their own service & other services.
19
The main JESIP principles include:
Co-locate
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The 5 main JESIP principles are
Co-locate, communicate, co-ordinate, jointly understand risk, shared situational awareness
21
The main JESIP principles do NOT include:
Joint assessment of risk
22
During an emergency or a major incident, the joint decision model is:
Used to support the decision making of the commanders & throughout the chain of command
23
The dynamic decision-making cycle includes
Risk assessments
24
The JESIP joint decision model does not include:
Request further resources
25
Specific communication tools relating to the management of a major incident include:
A designated airwaves talk group, the phonetic alphabet, JESIP principles, a joint decision making tool
26
The T in the METHANE communication model relates to:
The type of incident, e.g rail,chemical.
27
Why is the NATO phonetic alphabet important when communication information
Reduces the likelihood of miscommunication issues
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During a major incident, the ambulance service is responsible for
Command & control, coordinating with the further NHS, triage, treatment, transport, specialist incident response
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During a major incident, the ambulance service is responsible for
Command & control
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During a major incident, the ambulance service is NOT responsible for
Demand, triage, treatment, transport, specialist incident response
31
The incident command & control system is
A three tier hierarchical system with empowered roles, which provides specific authority over other for an event
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The incident command & control system has:
Operational, tactical & strategies commanders rank, with empowered roles, which provides specific authority over others for an event
33
During a major incident the strategic commander
Takes overall charge of their respective service, is responsible for formulating strategy & controlling resources, delegates tactical decisions to their respective tactical commanders
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During a major incident the TACTICAL commander
Implements the JESIP principles with other respective services Tactical commanders, ensures safety, formulates timely planning, allocates sources
35
During a major incident the OPERATIONAL commander
Is responsible for the activities undertaken at scene, works closely with the operational commanders from other services at the forwards command post
36
Support roles during a major incident are also known as
Functional roles
37
Support roles during a major incident include
Safety, parking, equipment & loading officers
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Support roles during a major incident include
Primary & secondary triage & casualty clearing officers
39
The driver who is first on scene at a major incident must
Secure & stay with vehicle, leave beacons on, not attempt casualty interventions, relay METHANE report & maintain contact with EOC
40
During a major incident the attendant who is first on scene must
Undertake scene reconnaissance & collate evidence for a METHANE report
41
During a major incident which of these is NOT the responsibility of the attendant who is first on scene
Relay METHANE report & maintain contact with EOC
42
During a major incident actions of subsequent crews on scene should include
Turn off vehicle beacons ,donning of appropriate PPE, the driver staying with the vehicle
43
During a major incident, actions of subsequent crews scene should include
Keeping Radio to a minimum, use of a designated talk group, using the appropriate equipment to move patients
44
During a major incident, actions of subsequent crews on scene should include
Transport of the patient to a destination assigned by the loading point officer
45
Incident briefings are important, because
Briefings ensure that all staff attending incident are fully informed of the developing situation and able to anticipate the relevant resources required
46
Incident debriefings are important because
Discussing traumatic incidents have been proven to have a positive effect on attending clinicians mental health
47
ATMIST stands for
Age, time, mechanism, injuries, signs and symptoms, treatment
48
The aim of triage is to
Ensure the best for everyone is achieved until such time that resources are sufficient to provide further care
49
The aim of triage is
To do the most of the most casualties by shorting them into order of treatment by prioritising clinical need
50
Triage should be used when
You attended incident when the number of casualties exceeds the number of skilled rescuers
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Triage sieve involves
Using the NASMeD Triage Call to incomplete a rapid physiological assessment
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Triage sieve is
A fast physiological assessment of the casualty where they are found
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Triage sort is
A dynamic process that must be frequently repeated
54
Triage sort adopts the triage trauma system. this categorise as patience using
RR 0-4, BP 0-4 GCS 0-4
55
patient categorises identified in the triage sort assessment are
T0 (no signs of life) to T12 (normal vital signs)
56
Traige sorts involves:
Assessment at the casualty clearing station, including blood pressure, respiration rate, and GCS, which numerates the patient’s category as T0-T12
57
The causes and risks of under triaging include
In accurate assessment, resulting in treatment being withheld due to incorrect category assignment
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Which is NOT an example of over triage
An unconscious patient with the normal respiration rate and heart rate being categorised as P1
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why is over triage, dangerous
It puts pressure on scarce resources
60
Which is not an important reason for recording, triage findings
So they can be imparted to the media to show what the service has provided
61
It is important to account for vulnerable, populations, because
The civil contingencies act 2004 identifies removable people as a priority in emergency
62
Vulnerable populations that need to be accounted for, in regards to major incident include
Children, non-English speakers, people with learning, difficulties and/or mental illness
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treatments used in the triage sieve includes
Control catastrophic haemorrhage, open airway, recovery position
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Treatment used in triage sort includes
Airway management, respiratory and circulatory assessment, cannulation, fluid therapy, pain relief, application of HOTT principles, GCS
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Observations taken in triage sieve include
Recognise, catastrophic haemorrhage, AVPU, airway patency, respiratory rate, pulse rate, capillary refill
66
CBRN(e) stands for
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosive
67
I had to do substance incident can also be known by the acronym
CBRN(e)
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Central signs of a CBRN(e) release include
Withered or dead plants, life and vegetation
69
Potential signs of a CBRN(e) release include
Unexplained vapour, mist clouds, oily droplets, or film on water
70
Potential signs of a CBRN(e) release include
Dead or distressed people, birds and animals
71
How would you report a potential hazardous substance incident?
Contact EOC stating ‘potential HazMat or CBRN(e) incident’ & pass a METHANE report
72
When reporting a potential hazardous substance incident, METHANE stands for
Major incident (standby/declared), exact location, type, hazards, access/egress, number of casualties, emergency services (required/on scene)
73
When you report a major incident with a potential hazardous substance, via EOC, you would use a communication model known by the acronym:
METHANE
74
A hazard assessment should be conducted when
There are three or more patients in close proximity who have the same/similar symptoms with no obvious cause
75
Signs of a CBRN(e) prompting a hazard assessment do NOT include
One or two individuals showing a pinpoint pupil
76
Multiple individuals, showing or explain, signs of which of these would promote a hazard assessment for a CBRN(e)
Disorientation and sweating
77
The components of a hazard assessment include
Release indicators, number of patients, signs & symptoms, weather conditions, hazards, location, built enviroment, presence of perpetrators
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Which components of a hazard assessment do NOT include
Presence of a specialist response
79
The components of a hazard assessment include
Number of patients
80
During a CBRN(e) incident, when moving patients to a safe area we should
Keep casualties within the inner cordon but away from the contamination, move upwind and uphill from the incident if possible, reassure the patients, encourage the removal of contaminated clothing
81
During a CBRN(e) incident, when requiring a patient to remove their clothes, the guidance we follow is
Remove, remove, remove
82
During a CBRN(e) incident, once contaminated clothing has been removed, remaining contamination can be removed by
Dry decontamination with paper towels, improvised wet decontamination, sort decontamination
83
It is important to communicate clearly when managing a CBRN(e) incident, because
The process of asking someone to disrobe requires trust, and we may need them to help other us
84
Which of these is NOT an important aspect to consider and communicate during a CBRN(e) incident
Encouraging patients to drink plenty of fluid
85
It is important to communicate clearly when managing a CBRN(e) incident, because
Patience will have to disrobe in front of others, so we need to know why and how they need to undress
86
Nerve agents antidote should be used
When there is a clinical diagnosis of nerve agent or organophosphate poisoning
87
Nerve agent antidote for severe symptoms should be administered
Three doses immediately into different large muscle groups
88
The correct way to administer nerve agent antidote is
Intramuscular injection into the mid lateral thigh , hold in tissue for 10 seconds, seek senior clinical advice, evacuate to hospital
89
addition support available for HazMat and CBRN(e) incident does NOT include
BASICS
90
Additional support available for HazMat & CBRN(e) incident include
Fire and rescue service, police
91
Addition support available for HazMat & CBRN(e) incidents include
HART, SORT, HeliMed, MERIT, fire and rescue service, police
92
EPPR is utilised in NWAS, because
It identifies specific responsibilities in terms of alerting NHS funded organisations in the event of significant incidents or emergencies