Major depressive disorder/ clinical depression

Abnormally elevated arousal energy level

Milder form of mania. Mood state or energy level that is elevated above normal, but not so extreme as to cause impairment

persistent depressive disorder

Bipolar formerly known as

Moods which cycle between mania and depression known

Cycle between elation and dysthymia

Depression also know as Also known as?

Research suggests that depression is caused by a combination of

Depression is associated with the loss of neurotrophic support from nerve growth factors such as BDN

Suggests that depression is related to a deficiency in the amount or function of cortical and limbic 5-HT, NE and dopamine

Increase in cortisol level (Cushing’s disease), Thyroid desregulation and Sex steroids (estrogen and testosterone deficiency)

The most common antidepressant in clinical use. More modern and safe antidepressant

1st drug available in 1988

CYP3A4

CYP2D6

Drug for bulimia nervosa

Drug for Premenstrual Dysphoric disorder-

Used for Pain disorders (neuropathies, fibromyalgia

Binds and inhibits both the SERT and NET

with hepatic toxicity in patients with a history of liver damage.

Originally developed as antipsychotics (1949), but were found to have no effect in this indication

blockade of re-uptake of noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT)

blockade of H1-receptor, α-receptors, Mreceptors

in TCA it inactive metabolites excreted in the urine

What isbthe treatment for seizure

Sedation, drowsiness, difficulty in concentration - H1-blockade

is found in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, and placenta. generally metabolizes tyramine, norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), and dopamine (DA)

is mostly found in blood platelets. ⏤ mainly metabolizes dopamine (DA)

The first compounds (iproniazide derivatives) - originally developed as antimycobacterial drugs by chemical modification of isoniazid molecule (1950s).

when given to normal non-depressed subjects they increase a motor activity and cause euphoria + excitements ⇒ risk of abuse!

Irreversible non-selective (MAOA and MAOB) inhibitors

long lasting inhibition (up to 1-2 weeks) despite of the elimination rate of a drug

Reversible Inhibitors of MAO-A (RIMA)

Reversible inhibitors of MAO-B (e.g. selegiline) are used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

plant chemical obtained from St. John’s Wort ((Hypericum perforatum)

A. MAOIs + Tyramine rich food can lead to what Disease

What is the treatment for hypertensive crisis

MAOIs + SSRI/ TCA/ opioids can lead to what disease

What is the Drug of choice in serotonin syndrome

MAOIs + BZD/ Alcohol/ Antihistamine can lead to

Used in depression with significant anxiety and sleep disturbances

5HT2A antagonist what receptors

Prolonged and painful penile erection

If 5HT2A ANTAGONISTS has a side effects of hepatotoxicity what is the possible drug of choice should be given

Noradrenaline and Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (NDRI)

severe depression + smoking cessation treatment

Noradrenergic Specific Serotonergic antidepressant ⏤Also inhibits presynaptic α2-adrenergic receptors, which leads to increased central concentrations of norepinephrine and 5-HT.

N -methylated metabolite of loxapine, an older antipsychotic drug.

associated with a parkinsonian syndrome due to its D2 -blocking action

the neurotransmitter levels fluctuate and may be similar or reversed, depending on the patient’s current clinical presentation.

manic or mixed episodes May have other mood episodes

1 + major depressive episodes and 1 + hypomanic episodes Never manic or mixed episode

Cycle between elation and dysthymia diagnosed when the depressive and hypomanic symptoms persist for 2 years.

ideations or expansive self-esteem

high excess involvement in pleasurable activities

Inc. NE, Dec. GABA means

Dec. NE

A mixed episode is the coexistence of manic and depressive symptoms for at least 1 week. This is often referred to as mood incongruent.

acute agitation associated with mania can prescribe what drug

may be used if parenteral administration is necessary to manage acute agitation.

Im case such as Severed depression or suicidal ideation what drug of choice should be given

First line agents for bipolar

Maintains the normal balance of calcium and sodium= abnormal level will cause mood fluctuation.

lithium + antipsychotics or BZD will lead to

lithium + medications that increase 5-HT

It can be used as monotherapy in bipolar disorder or as an adjunctive therapy with lithium or another mood stabilizer.

An antiepileptic drug used also in bipolar disorder

It is also used in the management of trigeminal neuralgia

It is also used in the management of trigeminal neuralgia

- reserved for use in bipolar patients with partial or no response to lithium.

An antiseizure that is also used for bipolar- approved for prevention of recurrence

Block sodium meditate and GABA

An antiseizure with mood stabilizing activity- adjunctive mood stabilizer.

expected to have comparable efficacy in the management of bipolar disorder, with fewer side effects and better tolerability.

Patients w/ hematologic diseases- CBZ and VPA comb. is not recommended (T/F)

In pregnancy what can possibly cause birth defect

Mao inhibitors are drig reserve for?

diazepam also used as?

Short and intermediate acting drugs used as

ultrashort acting drugs used as

What is drug of choice in benzodiazepine poisoning

Dopamine metabolis what inhibitor

Mao-b is used in?