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LONG TEST
69問 • 1年前
  • GLAIZA
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    is a process used by plants, algae, and some bacteria to convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy in the form of glucose (sugar).

    Photosynthesis

  • 2

    a green pigment in plants

    chlorophyll

  • 3

    REDOX PROCESS :

    H2O is Oxidized, and CO2 is Reduced

  • 4

    2 phases of photosynthesis

    Light Dependent Reaction Calvin Cycle/Light Independent

  • 5

    -part of photosynthesis

    Photo

  • 6

    - Thylakoid membrane

    Site

  • 7

    NADP, ATP, BY-PRODUCT OXYGEN

    Light Dependent

  • 8

    ATP IS PRODUCED BY _______ USING AN ENZYME CALLED ATP SYNTHASE.

    CHEMIOSMOSIS

  • 9

    ATP IS PRODUCED BY CHEMIOSMOSIS USING AN ENZYME CALLED _________.

    ATP SYNTHASE

  • 10

    _______ convert energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH

    Light reactions

  • 11

    is a form of electromagnetic energy or radiation

    Light

  • 12

    is the smallest unit of light energy

    Photon

  • 13

    includes wavelengths that drives photosynthesis.

    Visible light

  • 14

    are the light receptors that absorb light of specific wavelengths

    Photosynthetic pigments

  • 15

    - main photosynthetic pigment

    Chlorophyll a

  • 16

    - accessory pigment

    Chlorophyll b

  • 17

    - accessory pigment that ABSORBS BLUE and GREEN light and REFLECT YELLOW, ORANGE or RED/

    Carotenoids

  • 18

    ABSORBS VIOLET, BLUE and RED light while transmitting and REFLECTING GREEN LIGHT

    Chlorophyll

  • 19

    The _________ is a key step in photosynthesis. Absorption of a photon boosts an electron to an ORBITAL OF HIGHER ENERGY; the pigment molecule is in an EXCITED OR UNSTABLE STATE.

    excitation of chlorophyll by light

  • 20

    :The energy from this light EXCITES ELECTRONS in the CHLOROPHYLL molecule.

    Absorption

  • 21

    Once excited, the ELECTRONS GAIN ENERGY and Move to a HIGHER ENERGY ORBIT within the chlorophyll molecule.

    Excited State

  • 22

    In photosynthesis, the excited electron DOESN'T STAY IN THE HIGHER ENERGY state for long.

    Energy Transfer

  • 23

    is a process that USES THE ENERGY STORED in a proton gradient to PRODUCE ATP. It occurs WITHIN THE THYLAKOID MEMBRANES of chloroplasts.

    CHEMIOSMOSIS

  • 24

    also known as CALVIN BENSON CYCLE/LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTION

    CALVIN CYCLE

  • 25

    Its main purpose is to convert CO2 from theatmosphere into carbohydrates/sugar

    CALVIN CYCLE

  • 26

    Where does Calvin Cycle happens?

    within the stroma

  • 27

    uses the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH to convert the CO2 to Carbohydrates.

    CALVIN CYCLE

  • 28

    3 Phases of Calvin Cycle

    Carbon Fixation Reduction Regeneration of the CO2 Acceptor

  • 29

    The INCORPORATION of CO2 molecules, by ATTACHING it one at a time to a FIVE-CARBON SUGAR named ribulosebisphosphate (RuBP)

    CARBON FIXATION

  • 30

    FIVE-CARBON SUGAR named

    ribulosebisphosphate (RuBP)

  • 31

    Enzyme Involve in Carbon Fixation

    Carboxylaseoxygenase or rubisco

  • 32

    Product of Carbon Fixation

    2 MOLECULES of 3 PHOSPHOGLYCERATES (for each CO2 fixed)

  • 33

    Each molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate is energized by an ATP by receiving an additional phosphate+, becoming 1,3-bisphoshoglycerate. Then, a pair of electrons are donated from NADPH that.results to the reduction of 1,3-bisphoshoglycerate to get G3P

    REDUCTION

  • 34

    The carbon skeleton of FIVE MOLECULES of G3P is rearranged into THREE MOLECULES OF RUBP by spending 3 more molecules of ATP. For EVERY MOLECULE of CO2 that enters the cycle, the net output is ONE MOLECULE OF GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-phosphate (G3P0, a threecarbon sugar.

    REGENERATION OF THE CO2 ACCEPTOR

  • 35

    The first organic product of carbon fixation is a three-carboncompound 3-phosphoglycerate. Example: Rice, wheat, and soybeans

    C3 PLANTS

  • 36

    Photorespiration occurs in the light (photo) and consumes O2 while producing CO2 (respiration)

    C3 PLANTS

  • 37

    Preface the Calvin cycle with an alternate mode of carbon fixation that forms a four-carbon compound as its first product.

    C4 PLANTS

  • 38

    Example: sugarcane, corn, members of the grass family.

    C4 PLANTS

  • 39

    Distinct anatomy: bundle-sheath cells and mesophyll

    C4 PLANTS

  • 40

    where INCORPORATION of CO2 into ORGANIC COMPOUNDS happens.

    Mesophyll

  • 41

    are arranged into tightly packed sheathsaround the veins of the leaf. It is where the Calvin cycle happens.

    Bundle-sheath cells

  • 42

    are succulents and grow in dry regions. Due to excessive heat, the STOMATA remain CLOSED DURING THE DAY to reduce transpiration. Their STOMATA OPEN AT NIGHT.

    CAM plants

  • 43

    occurs in the light (photo) and consumes O2 while producing CO2 (respiration).

    Photorespiration

  • 44

    (such as photosynthesis) is a reaction that requires energy to be driven. absorbing energy in the form of work.

    An endergonic reaction

  • 45

    reaction releases energy

    Exergonic reaction

  • 46

    the main carrier of energy that is used for all cellular activities

    ADENONSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

  • 47

    this is where the light-dependent reaction occurs

    THYLAKOID

  • 48

    occurs when an endergonic reaction is powered by an exergonic reaction.

    coupled reaction

  • 49

    is the transfer of the phosphate group of ATP to the free hydroxyl group of an organic molecule

    Phosphorylation

  • 50

    occurs in two steps, coupled by a phosphorylated intermediate.

    Glutamine synthesis

  • 51

    It displaces the phosphate group, forming glutamine.

    Ammonia

  • 52

    ATP phosphorylates transport proteins, causing a shape change that allows transport of solutes.

    Transport work of transport protein

  • 53

    ATP binds noncovalently to motor proteins and then is hydrolyzed causing a shape change that walks the motor protein forward.

    Mechanical work of motor protein

  • 54

    it is the functional unit of photosynthesis defined by a particular pigment organization and associated patterns.

    Photosystem

  • 55

    -is an organized association of proteins holding a special pair of chlorophyll a molecules and a primary electron acceptor.

    Reaction center complex

  • 56

    is a molecule capable of accepting electrons and becoming reduced.

    Primary electron acceptor

  • 57

    generates ATP

    Photosystem II

  • 58

    generates NADPH

    Photosystem I

  • 59

    occurs during the light reactions using photosystem II and photosystem I.

    Linear electron flow/electron transport chain

  • 60

    is a process of completely breaking down glucose and other organic materials

    Cellular respiration

  • 61

    uses oxygen as reactant

    aerobic respiration

  • 62

    uses substances (other than oxygen) as reactants

    anaerobic respiration

  • 63

    is a process harvesting chemical energy without using either oxygen or any electron transport chain-in other words, without cellular respiration.

    Fermentation

  • 64

    is the total or partial LOSS OF ELECTRONS to an electron acceptor

    Oxidation

  • 65

    is the total or partial ADDITION OF ELECTRONS

    Reduction

  • 66

    -uses electron transport chain

    Respiration

  • 67

    - does not use electron transport chain

    Fermentation

  • 68

    produces ethanol (ethyl alcohol

    Alcohol fermentation

  • 69

    produces lactate (example: yogurt production)

    Lactic acid fermentation

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    is a process used by plants, algae, and some bacteria to convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy in the form of glucose (sugar).

    Photosynthesis

  • 2

    a green pigment in plants

    chlorophyll

  • 3

    REDOX PROCESS :

    H2O is Oxidized, and CO2 is Reduced

  • 4

    2 phases of photosynthesis

    Light Dependent Reaction Calvin Cycle/Light Independent

  • 5

    -part of photosynthesis

    Photo

  • 6

    - Thylakoid membrane

    Site

  • 7

    NADP, ATP, BY-PRODUCT OXYGEN

    Light Dependent

  • 8

    ATP IS PRODUCED BY _______ USING AN ENZYME CALLED ATP SYNTHASE.

    CHEMIOSMOSIS

  • 9

    ATP IS PRODUCED BY CHEMIOSMOSIS USING AN ENZYME CALLED _________.

    ATP SYNTHASE

  • 10

    _______ convert energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH

    Light reactions

  • 11

    is a form of electromagnetic energy or radiation

    Light

  • 12

    is the smallest unit of light energy

    Photon

  • 13

    includes wavelengths that drives photosynthesis.

    Visible light

  • 14

    are the light receptors that absorb light of specific wavelengths

    Photosynthetic pigments

  • 15

    - main photosynthetic pigment

    Chlorophyll a

  • 16

    - accessory pigment

    Chlorophyll b

  • 17

    - accessory pigment that ABSORBS BLUE and GREEN light and REFLECT YELLOW, ORANGE or RED/

    Carotenoids

  • 18

    ABSORBS VIOLET, BLUE and RED light while transmitting and REFLECTING GREEN LIGHT

    Chlorophyll

  • 19

    The _________ is a key step in photosynthesis. Absorption of a photon boosts an electron to an ORBITAL OF HIGHER ENERGY; the pigment molecule is in an EXCITED OR UNSTABLE STATE.

    excitation of chlorophyll by light

  • 20

    :The energy from this light EXCITES ELECTRONS in the CHLOROPHYLL molecule.

    Absorption

  • 21

    Once excited, the ELECTRONS GAIN ENERGY and Move to a HIGHER ENERGY ORBIT within the chlorophyll molecule.

    Excited State

  • 22

    In photosynthesis, the excited electron DOESN'T STAY IN THE HIGHER ENERGY state for long.

    Energy Transfer

  • 23

    is a process that USES THE ENERGY STORED in a proton gradient to PRODUCE ATP. It occurs WITHIN THE THYLAKOID MEMBRANES of chloroplasts.

    CHEMIOSMOSIS

  • 24

    also known as CALVIN BENSON CYCLE/LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTION

    CALVIN CYCLE

  • 25

    Its main purpose is to convert CO2 from theatmosphere into carbohydrates/sugar

    CALVIN CYCLE

  • 26

    Where does Calvin Cycle happens?

    within the stroma

  • 27

    uses the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH to convert the CO2 to Carbohydrates.

    CALVIN CYCLE

  • 28

    3 Phases of Calvin Cycle

    Carbon Fixation Reduction Regeneration of the CO2 Acceptor

  • 29

    The INCORPORATION of CO2 molecules, by ATTACHING it one at a time to a FIVE-CARBON SUGAR named ribulosebisphosphate (RuBP)

    CARBON FIXATION

  • 30

    FIVE-CARBON SUGAR named

    ribulosebisphosphate (RuBP)

  • 31

    Enzyme Involve in Carbon Fixation

    Carboxylaseoxygenase or rubisco

  • 32

    Product of Carbon Fixation

    2 MOLECULES of 3 PHOSPHOGLYCERATES (for each CO2 fixed)

  • 33

    Each molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate is energized by an ATP by receiving an additional phosphate+, becoming 1,3-bisphoshoglycerate. Then, a pair of electrons are donated from NADPH that.results to the reduction of 1,3-bisphoshoglycerate to get G3P

    REDUCTION

  • 34

    The carbon skeleton of FIVE MOLECULES of G3P is rearranged into THREE MOLECULES OF RUBP by spending 3 more molecules of ATP. For EVERY MOLECULE of CO2 that enters the cycle, the net output is ONE MOLECULE OF GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-phosphate (G3P0, a threecarbon sugar.

    REGENERATION OF THE CO2 ACCEPTOR

  • 35

    The first organic product of carbon fixation is a three-carboncompound 3-phosphoglycerate. Example: Rice, wheat, and soybeans

    C3 PLANTS

  • 36

    Photorespiration occurs in the light (photo) and consumes O2 while producing CO2 (respiration)

    C3 PLANTS

  • 37

    Preface the Calvin cycle with an alternate mode of carbon fixation that forms a four-carbon compound as its first product.

    C4 PLANTS

  • 38

    Example: sugarcane, corn, members of the grass family.

    C4 PLANTS

  • 39

    Distinct anatomy: bundle-sheath cells and mesophyll

    C4 PLANTS

  • 40

    where INCORPORATION of CO2 into ORGANIC COMPOUNDS happens.

    Mesophyll

  • 41

    are arranged into tightly packed sheathsaround the veins of the leaf. It is where the Calvin cycle happens.

    Bundle-sheath cells

  • 42

    are succulents and grow in dry regions. Due to excessive heat, the STOMATA remain CLOSED DURING THE DAY to reduce transpiration. Their STOMATA OPEN AT NIGHT.

    CAM plants

  • 43

    occurs in the light (photo) and consumes O2 while producing CO2 (respiration).

    Photorespiration

  • 44

    (such as photosynthesis) is a reaction that requires energy to be driven. absorbing energy in the form of work.

    An endergonic reaction

  • 45

    reaction releases energy

    Exergonic reaction

  • 46

    the main carrier of energy that is used for all cellular activities

    ADENONSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

  • 47

    this is where the light-dependent reaction occurs

    THYLAKOID

  • 48

    occurs when an endergonic reaction is powered by an exergonic reaction.

    coupled reaction

  • 49

    is the transfer of the phosphate group of ATP to the free hydroxyl group of an organic molecule

    Phosphorylation

  • 50

    occurs in two steps, coupled by a phosphorylated intermediate.

    Glutamine synthesis

  • 51

    It displaces the phosphate group, forming glutamine.

    Ammonia

  • 52

    ATP phosphorylates transport proteins, causing a shape change that allows transport of solutes.

    Transport work of transport protein

  • 53

    ATP binds noncovalently to motor proteins and then is hydrolyzed causing a shape change that walks the motor protein forward.

    Mechanical work of motor protein

  • 54

    it is the functional unit of photosynthesis defined by a particular pigment organization and associated patterns.

    Photosystem

  • 55

    -is an organized association of proteins holding a special pair of chlorophyll a molecules and a primary electron acceptor.

    Reaction center complex

  • 56

    is a molecule capable of accepting electrons and becoming reduced.

    Primary electron acceptor

  • 57

    generates ATP

    Photosystem II

  • 58

    generates NADPH

    Photosystem I

  • 59

    occurs during the light reactions using photosystem II and photosystem I.

    Linear electron flow/electron transport chain

  • 60

    is a process of completely breaking down glucose and other organic materials

    Cellular respiration

  • 61

    uses oxygen as reactant

    aerobic respiration

  • 62

    uses substances (other than oxygen) as reactants

    anaerobic respiration

  • 63

    is a process harvesting chemical energy without using either oxygen or any electron transport chain-in other words, without cellular respiration.

    Fermentation

  • 64

    is the total or partial LOSS OF ELECTRONS to an electron acceptor

    Oxidation

  • 65

    is the total or partial ADDITION OF ELECTRONS

    Reduction

  • 66

    -uses electron transport chain

    Respiration

  • 67

    - does not use electron transport chain

    Fermentation

  • 68

    produces ethanol (ethyl alcohol

    Alcohol fermentation

  • 69

    produces lactate (example: yogurt production)

    Lactic acid fermentation