prelim
問題一覧
1
Study of drugs and its origin
Pharmacology
2
Art of preparing, compounding and dispensing drug. (DRUG ARE PREPARED AND DISPENSED)
Pharmacy
3
A person LISENCED to prepare and dispense drugs to make up prescriptions
Pharmacist
4
Earliest PRESCRIPTION on clay tablets in 3000 B.C
Babylonians
5
Chemicals that alter physiochemical processes in body cells
Drugs
6
What is the meaning of PHARMACO
Medicine
7
Pharmacodynamics, What is the meaning of dynamics?
Change
8
Effects of the drugs on the body (DRUG ACTION)
Pharmacodynamics
9
Drug MOVEMENT throughout the body
Pharmacokinetics
10
Pharmacokinetics-What is the means of kinetics
Movement
11
Medicinal drugs obtained from PLANTS or other natural resources.
Pharmacognosy
12
Uses and effects of drugs. Beneficial and adverse EFFECTS of drugs. TREATMENT
Phramacotherapeutics
13
Monitoring the effects of medical drugs after they have been licensed for use especially in order to identify and evaluate previously unreported adverse reactions (ASSESS
Pharmacovigilance
14
Detection of poisons
Toxicology
15
Testung DONE on labaratory performed in animals
Preclinical Trial
16
•May be useful in treating a rare disease
•Potentially dangerous adverse effects
•volunteer human to test drug for safety
•ADOPTED
Orphan drug
17
Substances administered for diagnosis, care, treatment, or relief of a symptoms or for prevention of disease = use Interchangeably with drug
Medication
18
Written direction for the preparation and administration of drugs
Prescription
19
•Test the medication in small group of healthy Individuals
•Testing done in animals/male subject
•Developing Brand name
Phase 1: Safety
20
•Test on moderately sized group of individual affected by condition
Phase 2: Efficacy
21
•Test on a larger number of Individuals
•Companes of new medication to standards Treatment
•FDA APPROVED
Phase 3: Approval
22
•Medication reaches marketplace
•safety survelliance if have rere side effects
Phase 4: Long term
23
You don’t need the prescriptions/without prescriptions
Over the counter drugs
24
•original desination that the drug was given when the drug company
•DRUG COMPANY NAME
Generic name
25
Name given by the MANUFACTURER and identify it as a property of the company
Brand name
26
names reflect the chemical structure of a drug
Chemical name
27
Solid form of drug
Caplet
28
STREPSILS
Lozenges
29
Amount of drug needed to elicit a specific physiologic response to a drug
Potency
30
•1st step in the process by which medication enters the body and liberates the active ingredient that has been administered
•Release of the drug from it’s dosage form.
Liberation
31
•Movement of drugs from the site of administration to the blood circulation
•It refers to a what happens to drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues
Absorption
32
❑ Drugs move across the cell membrane from an area of
Higher Concentration to Lower Concentration
❑ Small drug molecules soluble in water and in lipids
Passive Diffusion
33
❑ It uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane
Active Transport
34
❑ It is the movement through pores in the cell membrane. ❑ Down a concentration
❑ Pull of plasma proteins
(Hydrostatic, Blood, or Osmosis Pressure)
Filtration
35
process by which drug becomes available to
body fluids and tissues.
Distribution
36
body chemically changes drugs into a form that can be excreted
Metabolism
37
drugs act at specific areas on cell membrane, react with certain chemicals to cause an effect within the cell
Receptor site
38
one enzyme activating another, and then another enzyme activating the next one, until cellular reaction eventually occurs.
Enzyme system
39
❑ 2 drugs with similar actions are taken for double effect.
❑ 1+1 = 2
Examples
IBUPROFEN + PARACETAMOL = added analgesic effect CODEINE + ACETAMINOPHEN = better pain control
Additive effect
40
❑ Combined effect of 2 drugs is greater than the sum of the effect of each drug given alone
❑ 1+1 = 3
Example:
Aspirin (30% analgesic effect) + Codeine (30% analgesic effect) = Combination (90% analgesic effect)
Synergistic effect
41
❑ A drug that has no effect, enhances the effects of the second drug.
❑ 0+1 = 2
Examples
PROZAC (Antidepressant) + ZESTRIL (Antihypertensive)
Potentiation effect
42
❑ One drug inhibits the effect of another drug.
❑ 1+1 = 0
Example:
Tetracycline (Antibiotic) + Antacid = decreased absorption
Antagonistic effect
43
❑ Results from pharmacologic effects of the drug.
❑ Most common as a result of lack of specificity of action within the therapeutic range.
Side effect
44
❑ Unpredictable adverse drug effects.
❑ More serious – ANAPHYLACTIC
❑ Response to patient’s immunological system to the presence of the drug. ❑ Do not occur unless the patient has been previously exposed to the
agent.
Allergic effect
45
body’s physiological response to changes in drug concentration at the site of action.
Dose-Response Relationship
46
The magnitude of effect a drug needed to elicit a specific physiologic response to a drug.
Efficacy
47
point at which increasing a drug dosage no longer increases the desired therapeutic response.
Maximal efficacy
48
❑ Chemical secreted that either excites or inhibits the receiving cell.
Neurotransmitters
49
Main Nerve Centers
Hypothalamus, Medulla, Spinal cord
ANPHY
ANPHY
harlet libao · 100問 · 2年前ANPHY
ANPHY
100問 • 2年前ANAPHY 2
ANAPHY 2
harlet libao · 14問 · 2年前ANAPHY 2
ANAPHY 2
14問 • 2年前STS
STS
harlet libao · 37問 · 2年前STS
STS
37問 • 2年前prelim
prelim
harlet libao · 32問 · 2年前prelim
prelim
32問 • 2年前HEALTH ASSESSMENTS MID TO FINAL
HEALTH ASSESSMENTS MID TO FINAL
harlet libao · 62問 · 1年前HEALTH ASSESSMENTS MID TO FINAL
HEALTH ASSESSMENTS MID TO FINAL
62問 • 1年前HE FINAL
HE FINAL
harlet libao · 25問 · 1年前HE FINAL
HE FINAL
25問 • 1年前FINAL
FINAL
harlet libao · 31問 · 1年前FINAL
FINAL
31問 • 1年前FINAL
FINAL
harlet libao · 58問 · 1年前FINAL
FINAL
58問 • 1年前CHEM
CHEM
harlet libao · 29問 · 1年前CHEM
CHEM
29問 • 1年前FUNDA
FUNDA
harlet libao · 18問 · 1年前FUNDA
FUNDA
18問 • 1年前prelim
prelim
harlet libao · 59問 · 1年前prelim
prelim
59問 • 1年前MIDTERM
MIDTERM
harlet libao · 5問 · 1年前MIDTERM
MIDTERM
5問 • 1年前問題一覧
1
Study of drugs and its origin
Pharmacology
2
Art of preparing, compounding and dispensing drug. (DRUG ARE PREPARED AND DISPENSED)
Pharmacy
3
A person LISENCED to prepare and dispense drugs to make up prescriptions
Pharmacist
4
Earliest PRESCRIPTION on clay tablets in 3000 B.C
Babylonians
5
Chemicals that alter physiochemical processes in body cells
Drugs
6
What is the meaning of PHARMACO
Medicine
7
Pharmacodynamics, What is the meaning of dynamics?
Change
8
Effects of the drugs on the body (DRUG ACTION)
Pharmacodynamics
9
Drug MOVEMENT throughout the body
Pharmacokinetics
10
Pharmacokinetics-What is the means of kinetics
Movement
11
Medicinal drugs obtained from PLANTS or other natural resources.
Pharmacognosy
12
Uses and effects of drugs. Beneficial and adverse EFFECTS of drugs. TREATMENT
Phramacotherapeutics
13
Monitoring the effects of medical drugs after they have been licensed for use especially in order to identify and evaluate previously unreported adverse reactions (ASSESS
Pharmacovigilance
14
Detection of poisons
Toxicology
15
Testung DONE on labaratory performed in animals
Preclinical Trial
16
•May be useful in treating a rare disease
•Potentially dangerous adverse effects
•volunteer human to test drug for safety
•ADOPTED
Orphan drug
17
Substances administered for diagnosis, care, treatment, or relief of a symptoms or for prevention of disease = use Interchangeably with drug
Medication
18
Written direction for the preparation and administration of drugs
Prescription
19
•Test the medication in small group of healthy Individuals
•Testing done in animals/male subject
•Developing Brand name
Phase 1: Safety
20
•Test on moderately sized group of individual affected by condition
Phase 2: Efficacy
21
•Test on a larger number of Individuals
•Companes of new medication to standards Treatment
•FDA APPROVED
Phase 3: Approval
22
•Medication reaches marketplace
•safety survelliance if have rere side effects
Phase 4: Long term
23
You don’t need the prescriptions/without prescriptions
Over the counter drugs
24
•original desination that the drug was given when the drug company
•DRUG COMPANY NAME
Generic name
25
Name given by the MANUFACTURER and identify it as a property of the company
Brand name
26
names reflect the chemical structure of a drug
Chemical name
27
Solid form of drug
Caplet
28
STREPSILS
Lozenges
29
Amount of drug needed to elicit a specific physiologic response to a drug
Potency
30
•1st step in the process by which medication enters the body and liberates the active ingredient that has been administered
•Release of the drug from it’s dosage form.
Liberation
31
•Movement of drugs from the site of administration to the blood circulation
•It refers to a what happens to drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues
Absorption
32
❑ Drugs move across the cell membrane from an area of
Higher Concentration to Lower Concentration
❑ Small drug molecules soluble in water and in lipids
Passive Diffusion
33
❑ It uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane
Active Transport
34
❑ It is the movement through pores in the cell membrane. ❑ Down a concentration
❑ Pull of plasma proteins
(Hydrostatic, Blood, or Osmosis Pressure)
Filtration
35
process by which drug becomes available to
body fluids and tissues.
Distribution
36
body chemically changes drugs into a form that can be excreted
Metabolism
37
drugs act at specific areas on cell membrane, react with certain chemicals to cause an effect within the cell
Receptor site
38
one enzyme activating another, and then another enzyme activating the next one, until cellular reaction eventually occurs.
Enzyme system
39
❑ 2 drugs with similar actions are taken for double effect.
❑ 1+1 = 2
Examples
IBUPROFEN + PARACETAMOL = added analgesic effect CODEINE + ACETAMINOPHEN = better pain control
Additive effect
40
❑ Combined effect of 2 drugs is greater than the sum of the effect of each drug given alone
❑ 1+1 = 3
Example:
Aspirin (30% analgesic effect) + Codeine (30% analgesic effect) = Combination (90% analgesic effect)
Synergistic effect
41
❑ A drug that has no effect, enhances the effects of the second drug.
❑ 0+1 = 2
Examples
PROZAC (Antidepressant) + ZESTRIL (Antihypertensive)
Potentiation effect
42
❑ One drug inhibits the effect of another drug.
❑ 1+1 = 0
Example:
Tetracycline (Antibiotic) + Antacid = decreased absorption
Antagonistic effect
43
❑ Results from pharmacologic effects of the drug.
❑ Most common as a result of lack of specificity of action within the therapeutic range.
Side effect
44
❑ Unpredictable adverse drug effects.
❑ More serious – ANAPHYLACTIC
❑ Response to patient’s immunological system to the presence of the drug. ❑ Do not occur unless the patient has been previously exposed to the
agent.
Allergic effect
45
body’s physiological response to changes in drug concentration at the site of action.
Dose-Response Relationship
46
The magnitude of effect a drug needed to elicit a specific physiologic response to a drug.
Efficacy
47
point at which increasing a drug dosage no longer increases the desired therapeutic response.
Maximal efficacy
48
❑ Chemical secreted that either excites or inhibits the receiving cell.
Neurotransmitters
49
Main Nerve Centers
Hypothalamus, Medulla, Spinal cord