Study of drugs and its origin

Art of preparing, compounding and dispensing drug. (DRUG ARE PREPARED AND DISPENSED)

A person LISENCED to prepare and dispense drugs to make up prescriptions

Earliest PRESCRIPTION on clay tablets in 3000 B.C

Chemicals that alter physiochemical processes in body cells

What is the meaning of PHARMACO

Pharmacodynamics, What is the meaning of dynamics?

Effects of the drugs on the body (DRUG ACTION)

Drug MOVEMENT throughout the body

Pharmacokinetics-What is the means of kinetics

Medicinal drugs obtained from PLANTS or other natural resources.

Uses and effects of drugs. Beneficial and adverse EFFECTS of drugs. TREATMENT

Monitoring the effects of medical drugs after they have been licensed for use especially in order to identify and evaluate previously unreported adverse reactions (ASSESS

Detection of poisons

Testung DONE on labaratory performed in animals

•May be useful in treating a rare disease •Potentially dangerous adverse effects •volunteer human to test drug for safety •ADOPTED

Substances administered for diagnosis, care, treatment, or relief of a symptoms or for prevention of disease = use Interchangeably with drug

Written direction for the preparation and administration of drugs

•Test the medication in small group of healthy Individuals •Testing done in animals/male subject •Developing Brand name

•Test on moderately sized group of individual affected by condition

•Test on a larger number of Individuals •Companes of new medication to standards Treatment •FDA APPROVED

•Medication reaches marketplace •safety survelliance if have rere side effects

You don’t need the prescriptions/without prescriptions

•original desination that the drug was given when the drug company •DRUG COMPANY NAME

Name given by the MANUFACTURER and identify it as a property of the company

names reflect the chemical structure of a drug

Solid form of drug

STREPSILS

Amount of drug needed to elicit a specific physiologic response to a drug

•1st step in the process by which medication enters the body and liberates the active ingredient that has been administered •Release of the drug from it’s dosage form.

•Movement of drugs from the site of administration to the blood circulation •It refers to a what happens to drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues

❑ Drugs move across the cell membrane from an area of Higher Concentration to Lower Concentration ❑ Small drug molecules soluble in water and in lipids

❑ It uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane

❑ It is the movement through pores in the cell membrane. ❑ Down a concentration ❑ Pull of plasma proteins (Hydrostatic, Blood, or Osmosis Pressure)

process by which drug becomes available to body fluids and tissues.

body chemically changes drugs into a form that can be excreted

drugs act at specific areas on cell membrane, react with certain chemicals to cause an effect within the cell

one enzyme activating another, and then another enzyme activating the next one, until cellular reaction eventually occurs.

❑ 2 drugs with similar actions are taken for double effect. ❑ 1+1 = 2 Examples IBUPROFEN + PARACETAMOL = added analgesic effect CODEINE + ACETAMINOPHEN = better pain control

❑ Combined effect of 2 drugs is greater than the sum of the effect of each drug given alone ❑ 1+1 = 3 Example: Aspirin (30% analgesic effect) + Codeine (30% analgesic effect) = Combination (90% analgesic effect)

❑ A drug that has no effect, enhances the effects of the second drug. ❑ 0+1 = 2 Examples PROZAC (Antidepressant) + ZESTRIL (Antihypertensive)

❑ One drug inhibits the effect of another drug. ❑ 1+1 = 0 Example: Tetracycline (Antibiotic) + Antacid = decreased absorption

❑ Results from pharmacologic effects of the drug. ❑ Most common as a result of lack of specificity of action within the therapeutic range.

❑ Unpredictable adverse drug effects. ❑ More serious – ANAPHYLACTIC ❑ Response to patient’s immunological system to the presence of the drug. ❑ Do not occur unless the patient has been previously exposed to the agent.

body’s physiological response to changes in drug concentration at the site of action.

The magnitude of effect a drug needed to elicit a specific physiologic response to a drug.

point at which increasing a drug dosage no longer increases the desired therapeutic response.

❑ Chemical secreted that either excites or inhibits the receiving cell.

Main Nerve Centers