❑ It is the movement through pores in the cell membrane. ❑ Down a concentration ❑ Pull of plasma proteins (Hydrostatic, Blood, or Osmosis Pressure)

•original desination that the drug was given when the drug company •DRUG COMPANY NAME

What is the meaning of PHARMACO

❑ Chemical secreted that either excites or inhibits the receiving cell.

•Test on a larger number of Individuals •Companes of new medication to standards Treatment •FDA APPROVED

❑ Results from pharmacologic effects of the drug. ❑ Most common as a result of lack of specificity of action within the therapeutic range.

Uses and effects of drugs. Beneficial and adverse EFFECTS of drugs. TREATMENT

Main Nerve Centers

•1st step in the process by which medication enters the body and liberates the active ingredient that has been administered •Release of the drug from it’s dosage form.

names reflect the chemical structure of a drug

Testung DONE on labaratory performed in animals

process by which drug becomes available to body fluids and tissues.

Art of preparing, compounding and dispensing drug. (DRUG ARE PREPARED AND DISPENSED)

Solid form of drug

body chemically changes drugs into a form that can be excreted

You don’t need the prescriptions/without prescriptions

•May be useful in treating a rare disease •Potentially dangerous adverse effects •volunteer human to test drug for safety •ADOPTED

Name given by the MANUFACTURER and identify it as a property of the company

Substances administered for diagnosis, care, treatment, or relief of a symptoms or for prevention of disease = use Interchangeably with drug

❑ Drugs move across the cell membrane from an area of Higher Concentration to Lower Concentration ❑ Small drug molecules soluble in water and in lipids

Detection of poisons

❑ 2 drugs with similar actions are taken for double effect. ❑ 1+1 = 2 Examples IBUPROFEN + PARACETAMOL = added analgesic effect CODEINE + ACETAMINOPHEN = better pain control

drugs act at specific areas on cell membrane, react with certain chemicals to cause an effect within the cell

Earliest PRESCRIPTION on clay tablets in 3000 B.C

The magnitude of effect a drug needed to elicit a specific physiologic response to a drug.

❑ Combined effect of 2 drugs is greater than the sum of the effect of each drug given alone ❑ 1+1 = 3 Example: Aspirin (30% analgesic effect) + Codeine (30% analgesic effect) = Combination (90% analgesic effect)

STREPSILS

❑ One drug inhibits the effect of another drug. ❑ 1+1 = 0 Example: Tetracycline (Antibiotic) + Antacid = decreased absorption

A person LISENCED to prepare and dispense drugs to make up prescriptions

Drug MOVEMENT throughout the body

Effects of the drugs on the body (DRUG ACTION)

Study of drugs and its origin

•Test the medication in small group of healthy Individuals •Testing done in animals/male subject •Developing Brand name

body’s physiological response to changes in drug concentration at the site of action.

❑ A drug that has no effect, enhances the effects of the second drug. ❑ 0+1 = 2 Examples PROZAC (Antidepressant) + ZESTRIL (Antihypertensive)

Pharmacokinetics-What is the means of kinetics

point at which increasing a drug dosage no longer increases the desired therapeutic response.

Pharmacodynamics, What is the meaning of dynamics?

❑ It uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane

Amount of drug needed to elicit a specific physiologic response to a drug

Chemicals that alter physiochemical processes in body cells

Medicinal drugs obtained from PLANTS or other natural resources.

•Test on moderately sized group of individual affected by condition

•Medication reaches marketplace •safety survelliance if have rere side effects

Monitoring the effects of medical drugs after they have been licensed for use especially in order to identify and evaluate previously unreported adverse reactions (ASSESS

❑ Unpredictable adverse drug effects. ❑ More serious – ANAPHYLACTIC ❑ Response to patient’s immunological system to the presence of the drug. ❑ Do not occur unless the patient has been previously exposed to the agent.

one enzyme activating another, and then another enzyme activating the next one, until cellular reaction eventually occurs.

•Movement of drugs from the site of administration to the blood circulation •It refers to a what happens to drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues

Written direction for the preparation and administration of drugs