問題一覧
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Mixture of different minerals
Rocks
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3 classification of rocks
Igneous rocks, Sedimentary rocks, Metamorphic rocks
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Rocks that are formed from the solidification of molten rock material (magma or lava)
Igneous rocks
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2 molten rock materials
Lava, Magma
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Inner molten rock material
Magma
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Outer molten rock material
Lava
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Example of igneous rocks
Granite, Scoria, Pumice, Obsidian
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2 types of igneous rocks
Intrusive igneous rocks, Extrusive igneous rocks
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Formed from solidified magma underneath the earth
Intrusive igneous rocks
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Intrusive igneous rocks are also called?
Plutonic rocks
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Formed from the gradual lowering of the temperature gradient at depth towards the surface would cause slow cooling/crystallization
Intrusive igneous rocks
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Formed after slow cooling which forms large interlocking crystals
Phaneritic texture
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Example of intrusive igneous rocks
Diorite, Pegmatite, Granite, Gabbro
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Formed from solidified lava at or near the surface of the earth
Extrusive igneous rocks
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Extrusive igneous rocks are also called?
Volcanic
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Formed from fast rate of cooling/crystallization due to huge variance in the temperature between earth's surface and underneath
Extrusive igneous rocks
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Examples of extrusive igneous rocks
Basalt, Rhyolite, Andesite, Scoria
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These are the rocks that formed through accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sediments
Sedimentary rocks
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Sedimentary rocks are formed through _______, ______, and _________ of sediments
Accumulation, Compaction, Cementation
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They generally form at surface or near surface conditions
Sedimentary rocks
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Examples of sedimentary rocks
Siltstone, Gypsum, Limestone, Sandstone
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3 sedimentary processes
Weathering of rocks, Sediment transport and deposition, Compaction and cementation
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Factors in sedimentary processes
Weathering and transport agents
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Sedimentation due to weather such as thunder and landslide
Weathering
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Sedimentation due to water with pressure
Sediment transport and deposition
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Sedimentation process where rocks fall to the sea and compress because of pressure
Compaction and cementation
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2 common sedimentary features
Strata, Fossils
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Stratification or layering and each layer represents a distinct period of deposition.
Strata
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>1cm of layering
Bedding
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Less than 1cm of layering
Lamination
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These are the remains and traces of plants and animals that are preserved in rocks
Fossils
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Rocks that form from the transformation of pre-existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks) through the process of metamorphism
Metamorphic rocks
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It can involve changes in physical and chemical properties of rocks in response to heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids
Metamorphism
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2 types of metamorphic rocks (metamorphism)
Contact metamorphism, Regional metamorphism
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A type of metamorphism where rock minerals and texture are changed, mainly by heat, due to contact with magma
Contact metamorphism
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Metamorphism that occurs in broad areas of the crust
Regional metamorphism
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This metamorphism occurs in areas that have undergone deformation during an orogenic event resulting in mountain belts that have since been eroded to expose the metamorphic rocks
Regional metamorphism
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__________ develop a platy or sheet-like structure that reflects the direction that pressure was applied in
Foliated rocks
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__________ do not have platy or sheet-like structure and no matter how much pressure you apply, the grains will not align
Non-foliated