問題一覧
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- ability to control one's negative emotions, such as bad temperament
resistance
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- persistent neurotic impulse to steal
kleptomania
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o Formal body of rules enacted by the state
law
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about having a concrete body, and having the ability to carry out physical activities.
physical potentiality
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o views crime as a product of situational forces, o that crime is a function of freewill and personal choice.
classical perspective
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3 MAIN CONCEPT OF THE PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
conscious, subconscious, unconscious
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- may be referred to as felony, offense and misdemeanor - as old as mankind andis inevitable to a growing societ
crime
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- Something desirable, worth having, worth possessing, worth keeping and worth doing (Maximo Torrento). - Unverifiable elements of desirability, worth and importance (Pollock).
values
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punishable by special law
offense
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o Prohibited or restricted by social custom.
taboo
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- refers to aggressive inclinations of an indirect nature (rejection of authority)
tendencies
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involves accepting a theory(Thagard, 1988).
theory appraisal
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- the idea that criminals manifest physical anomalies
criminal atavism
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- it is claims about phenomena, not data, that theories typically seek to predict and explain.
phenomena detection
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greek word which means contemplation or speculation
theoria
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o storage point for any recent memories needed for quick recall. 50 to 60%
subconscious
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o explain the onset of antisocial behavior (aggression and violence)
biosocial perspective
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- A tentative assumption made in order to draw put and test its logical or empirical consequences.
hypothesis
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holy three of criminology
cesare lombroso, raffaele garofalo, enrico ferri
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founder of neo classical school
gabriel tarde
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THREE KINDS OF REASONING
inductive, deductive, abductive reasoning
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- Define your research questions and the main concepts and variables involved
research design
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importance of theory
provides concepts to name what we observe, used to justify reimbursement, used to enhance the growth of the professional area, helps us understand what we don't know
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founder of classical school
cesare beccaria
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- person’s ability to engage and interact with others.
social skills
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- product of the individual’s tendencies snd the situation of thr moment interacting wit his mental resistance
crime
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- The ability of a human to reason that separates him from all other living organisms.
philosophical
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knowing what is morally good and bad.
ethics
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THREE STAGES OF THEORY DEVELOPMENT
speculative, descriptive, constructive
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- Collect data for your study using any of the various methods (field research, interviews, surveys, etc)
data collection
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parts of inductive theory
research design, data collection, data ordering, data analysis, theory construction, literature comparison
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4 WHAT MAKES A MAN HUMAN?
physical potentiality, mental ability, communication skills, social skills
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principle of punishment that is severe enough to outweigh the rewards
severe
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part of deductive thoery
deducing hypothesis from theory, formulating hypothesis, testing hypothesis, examining the outcome of the test, modifying theory
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THREE PRINCIPLE OF PUNISHMENT
swift, certain, severe
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- Stated that laws are like cobwebs
jonathan swift
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development of theory that attempts to explain what is happening
speculative
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- the systematic set of interrelated statements or principles that explain aspects of social life.
social theory
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punishable by revised penal code
felony
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- person’s ability to read, write, and talk to others.
communication skills
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- Develop a theory about what you discovered using the patterns and findings from your data analysis.
theory construction
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o crime based on economic and political force o crime is a function of competition for limited resources and power
conflict perspective
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- Study of human mind and behavior. - People are considered as living machines who receive information from the world.
psychological
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he stated that "but tye sidorganized dust of individual"
david emile durkheim
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"Let the punishment fit the crime."
classical school
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- Supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something
theory
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- Simple explanation or direct explanation. - No amount of data will necessarily enable -building.
inductive reasoning
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"Let the punishment fit the criminal." - they need to be treated instead of being punished.
positivist school
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3 human behavior
philosophical, psychological, sociological
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- person’s capability to think critically, rationally and logically.
mental ability
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founder of positivist school
cesare lombroso
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- also called as theory building by means of analysing, synthesizing and organizing (Remenyi, 2018).
theory generation
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o crime as the product of internal forces
biological perspective
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father of the criminology o founder of the criminal anthropology
cesare lombroso
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- General term that needs logic. - Lack of clarity.
deductive reasoning
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abnormal behavior (kakaiba)
deviant
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principle of punishment the idea that people must know that they will be punished for their illegal behavior
certain
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person's of who he is, his body, his idenity
moi
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- indeterminate factor in mobilizing the criminal act
situation
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- it is facilitated through a selective intere
theory development
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- From the greek word “theoria” which means “contemplation or speculation”
theory
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formula
CT+SR=
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- Unwritten rules or common laws. - a rule of behavior and a guide to conduct (James Chris).
norms
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two faces of self
moi, personne
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the roots of criminal behavior is in their psychological equivalents
moral anomalies
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- gathers descriptive data to describe what is really happening.
descriptive
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violation or ordinance
misdemeanor
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"Let the children and lunatic criminals be exempted from punishment."
neo-classical school
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- involved weighing of pleasure versus pain. - emphasized the principle that people have freewill to choice their behavior
hedonistic calculus
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- Explains that society is a system having parts which connected and related - Human behavior is formed in the process of socialization.
sociological
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- Analyze your data using methods of your choice to look for patterns, connections, and significant findings.
data analysis
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development of theory that revises old theories and develops new ones.
constructive
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o Sometimes known as “convention” or “customs” o Standards of behavior that is socially approved but not morally significant.
folkways
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parts of abductive theory
phenomena detection, theory generation, theory development, theory appraisal
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- Also known as retroductive reasoning. - Make a decision based on your observations. - Circumstances and speculations.
abductive reasoning
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- an attempt to reform the legal system and to protect the accused against harsh and arbitrary action
classical school
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- Is a social being, that needs to interact and socialize with others.
man
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betham stated the "greatest happiness of the greatest number
principle of utilitarianism
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o stated that "crime must be studied in the offender" o "a person responsible for his actions by the fact that he is a member of society, not because he is capable of willing an illegal act"
enrico ferri
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- Arrange your data chronologically to facilitate easier data analysis and examination of processes.
data ordering
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- made in order to understand the grounds of criminal behavior.
theory
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where all of your memories and past experiences reside. o memories that have been repressed through trauma and been forgotten.
unconscious
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theoria means
contemplation or speculation
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- Compare your emerging theory with the existing literature. Are there conflicting frameworks, similar frameworks.
literature comparison
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composed of social concept oh what it means to be who he is
personne
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principle of punishment occurring suddenly or within a very short time.
swift
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o criminal behavior was the product of "unconscious forces operating within a person's mind"
psychological perspective
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ability of the brain to react or show the outcome (result) on what our body may feeland perceive information.
stimulus
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4 THEORIES IN SOCIAL NORMS
folkways, mores, taboo, law
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the scanner that allows you to perceive an event or trigger a need to react. (10%)
conscious
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o rejected the free will doctrine o noted the concept of a "criminal presupposes the concept of "crime."
raffaele garofalo
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whi pionneeed the classical school
jeremy betham
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o crime is a product of socialization or interaction o crime is a function of upbringing, learning
process perspective
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o Norms of morality that have to be followed, otherwise, people who share the same culture will be offended.
mores