4 WHAT MAKES A MAN HUMAN?

about having a concrete body, and having the ability to carry out physical activities.

- person’s capability to think critically, rationally and logically.

- person’s ability to read, write, and talk to others.

- person’s ability to engage and interact with others.

ability of the brain to react or show the outcome (result) on what our body may feeland perceive information.

3 MAIN CONCEPT OF THE PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY

the scanner that allows you to perceive an event or trigger a need to react. (10%)

o storage point for any recent memories needed for quick recall. 50 to 60%

where all of your memories and past experiences reside. o memories that have been repressed through trauma and been forgotten.

- Unwritten rules or common laws. - a rule of behavior and a guide to conduct (James Chris).

abnormal behavior (kakaiba)

4 THEORIES IN SOCIAL NORMS

o Sometimes known as “convention” or “customs” o Standards of behavior that is socially approved but not morally significant.

o Norms of morality that have to be followed, otherwise, people who share the same culture will be offended.

o Prohibited or restricted by social custom.

o Formal body of rules enacted by the state

knowing what is morally good and bad.

- Something desirable, worth having, worth possessing, worth keeping and worth doing (Maximo Torrento). - Unverifiable elements of desirability, worth and importance (Pollock).

- Is a social being, that needs to interact and socialize with others.

two faces of self

3 human behavior

- The ability of a human to reason that separates him from all other living organisms.

- Study of human mind and behavior. - People are considered as living machines who receive information from the world.

- Explains that society is a system having parts which connected and related - Human behavior is formed in the process of socialization.

- From the greek word “theoria” which means “contemplation or speculation”

theoria means

greek word which means contemplation or speculation

- Supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something

- made in order to understand the grounds of criminal behavior.

- the systematic set of interrelated statements or principles that explain aspects of social life.

importance of theory

THREE STAGES OF THEORY DEVELOPMENT

development of theory that attempts to explain what is happening

- gathers descriptive data to describe what is really happening.

development of theory that revises old theories and develops new ones.

THREE KINDS OF REASONING

- Simple explanation or direct explanation. - No amount of data will necessarily enable -building.

- General term that needs logic. - Lack of clarity.

- Also known as retroductive reasoning. - Make a decision based on your observations. - Circumstances and speculations.

- A tentative assumption made in order to draw put and test its logical or empirical consequences.

parts of inductive theory

- Define your research questions and the main concepts and variables involved

- Collect data for your study using any of the various methods (field research, interviews, surveys, etc)

- Arrange your data chronologically to facilitate easier data analysis and examination of processes.

- Analyze your data using methods of your choice to look for patterns, connections, and significant findings.

- Develop a theory about what you discovered using the patterns and findings from your data analysis.

- Compare your emerging theory with the existing literature. Are there conflicting frameworks, similar frameworks.

part of deductive thoery

parts of abductive theory

- it is claims about phenomena, not data, that theories typically seek to predict and explain.

- also called as theory building by means of analysing, synthesizing and organizing (Remenyi, 2018).

- it is facilitated through a selective intere

involves accepting a theory(Thagard, 1988).

- Stated that laws are like cobwebs

- may be referred to as felony, offense and misdemeanor - as old as mankind andis inevitable to a growing societ

punishable by revised penal code

punishable by special law

violation or ordinance

- product of the individual’s tendencies snd the situation of thr moment interacting wit his mental resistance

- refers to aggressive inclinations of an indirect nature (rejection of authority)

- indeterminate factor in mobilizing the criminal act

- ability to control one's negative emotions, such as bad temperament

formula

"Let the punishment fit the crime."

founder of classical school

- an attempt to reform the legal system and to protect the accused against harsh and arbitrary action

whi pionneeed the classical school

betham stated the "greatest happiness of the greatest number

- involved weighing of pleasure versus pain. - emphasized the principle that people have freewill to choice their behavior

"Let the children and lunatic criminals be exempted from punishment."

founder of neo classical school

"Let the punishment fit the criminal." - they need to be treated instead of being punished.

holy three of criminology

founder of positivist school

father of the criminology o founder of the criminal anthropology

o rejected the free will doctrine o noted the concept of a "criminal presupposes the concept of "crime."

the roots of criminal behavior is in their psychological equivalents

o stated that "crime must be studied in the offender" o "a person responsible for his actions by the fact that he is a member of society, not because he is capable of willing an illegal act"

- the idea that criminals manifest physical anomalies

o views crime as a product of situational forces, o that crime is a function of freewill and personal choice.

THREE PRINCIPLE OF PUNISHMENT

principle of punishment occurring suddenly or within a very short time.

principle of punishment the idea that people must know that they will be punished for their illegal behavior

principle of punishment that is severe enough to outweigh the rewards

o crime as the product of internal forces

- persistent neurotic impulse to steal

o crime is a product of socialization or interaction o crime is a function of upbringing, learning

o crime based on economic and political force o crime is a function of competition for limited resources and power

o explain the onset of antisocial behavior (aggression and violence)

o criminal behavior was the product of "unconscious forces operating within a person's mind"

person's of who he is, his body, his idenity

composed of social concept oh what it means to be who he is

he stated that "but tye sidorganized dust of individual"