godparent system influences decision- making.

debt of gratitude leads to favoritism.

harmony is valued, even at the expense of efficiency.

respect for authority undermines meritocracy.

involves the misuse of entrusted power for personal gain.

refers to the illegal acquisition of money, often through abusing authority—commonly seen in business and politics.

the crime of giving or taking money or some other valuable item in order to influence a public official.

obtaining money or property by threat to a victim’s property or loved ones, intimidation, or false claim of a right.

intentional use of deceit to deprive another of their money, property, or legal right.

favoritism shown to relatives or close friends by those in power.

misappropriation of funds that have been entrusted to one for care or management.

played a role in graft and corruption in the American Legacy.

considered as the most notorious cases of graft and corruption ever recorded in the Philippine history.

an annual ranking published by transparency international that measures perceived levels of public sector corruption across 180 countries and territories.

a case of extreme graft and corruption orchestrated by Janet Lim-Napoles.

meaning of pork barrel scam or PDAF Scam

powerful political families and cronies often use their influence to secure positions and benefits, leading to a cycle of corruption.

insufficient transparency in government operations and decision-making processes makes it easier for corruption to go undetected.

despite existing anti-corruption laws, enforcement is often weak due to inadequate resources and political interference.

complex and cumbersome bureaucratic procedure scan creates opportunities for bribery and other forms of corruption.

low wages for government employee scan incentivize them to seek additional income through corrupt means.

corruption is perceived as a normal part of doing business.

weak mechanisms for holding public officials accountable contribute to a lack of fear of consequences for corrupt activities.

focuses on specific acts and behaviors.

collection of beliefs, standards, and principles that define what employers expect of their employees.

covers wider concepts and decision- making processes.

Outlines an organization’s guidelines and best practices for maintaining honesty, integrity, professionalism.

set guidelines for conduct and determine penalties for violations.

addresses a company’s core value system, setting standards of responsible conduct that benefit the larger public and the environment.

a set of guidelines that outlines ethical standards and best practices for professionals within a specific field.

an act establishing a code of conduct and ethical standards for public officials and employees, to uphold the time-honored principle of public office being a public trust, granting incentives and rewards for exemplary service

what is RA No. 6173