Occurs at the right side of the heart; pumps blood into thr lungs

Occurs at tge ledt side of the heart; pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

Average mass of heart for FEMALES

Average mass of heart for MALES

Heart is situated in the mediastinum, between the (1), im the (2) cavity

Heart's pointed end; directed anteriorly, inferiorly, and to the left

Heart's flat part; directed posteriorly and superiorly

A doubped layer sac surroynding the heart

Outer tough layer preventing over-distension and anchoring the heart

Inner layer divided into parietal and visceral pericardium

2 layers of pericardium

Lines fibrous percardium

Covers the heart surface (aka epicardium)

Outer layer of the heart

Middle layer of cardiac muscle (responsible for contraction)

Inner layer of the heart

What type of blood does this chamber receive? RIGHT ATRIUM - receives (1) blood from body and heart

What type of blood does this chamber receive? LEFT ATRIUM - receives (1) blood from lungs

Pumps blood to the lungs via pulmonary trunk

Pumps blood to the body via aorta

Prevent backflow from ventricles to atria

Preprevent backflow from arteries into ventricles

Supply blood to the heart wall, with branches of left and right coronary artery branches

Returns blood to the right atrium via coronary sinus

Caryy blood away from the heart

Smallest blood vessels where nutrient and has exchange occur

Carry blood back to the heart

Blood vessel: innermost layer consisting of endothelium and a basement membrane

Blood vessel: middle layer composed of smooth muscle responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilatioj

Blood vessel: outer connective tissue that provides structural support

Sprcialized vessels:unique veijs that connect 2 capillary netwroks, such as the hepatic portal system

Sprcialized vessels: direct connections between arterioles and veins, regulating temperature by controlling blood flow

Prevents backflow and ensure one-way blood flow towards the heart

Carries deoxygenater blood froknthe right ventricle to the lungs via pulmonary trunk and arteries

In the lungs, oxygen enters blood, and carbon dioxide is released

Oxygenated blood returns to the left aatrium through the pulmonary veins

Transports oxygenated blood from the left ventricle through aorta to the body tissues, then returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Main artery from the heart

Supplies blood to the heart via the right and left coronary arteries

Supplies thoracic and abdominal organs and walls, dividing intk the thoracic and abdominal aorta

This veim drsins deoxygenated blood from the walls of the heart into the right atrium

This vein returns blood from the head, neck, thorax and upper limbs to the right atrium

This vein returns blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs to right atrium

Upper limbs superficial veins: drains the lateral side of the arm and empties into the axillary vein

Upper limbs superficial veins: becomes the axillary veim as it passes through the axillary region

Upper limbs superficial veins: connects the cephalic and basilis veins, typically used for drawing blood

Transport fluid essential for maintaining homeostasis in the body

A connective tissue w/ liquid matrix (plasma) and cell fragments

Most abundant and responsible for oxygen tranportation

Involve in immune defense

Cell fragments crucial for blood clotting

Other term for red blood cells

Other term for white blood celos

RBC life days in males

RBC life days in females

After 120 days, RBCs are destroyed in the (1) and liver

Broken down into amino acids for reuse

Iron recycled; remains are converted to biliverdin, then to bilirubin, excreted in bile

55-70% of WBCs, 1st to respond to infecrions, phagotize bacteria and debri

1-4% of WBCs, combat parasites and modulate inflammatory responses

0.5-1% of WBCs, release histamine and heparin

WBC function: directed movement using cytoplasmic projections

WBC function: wbc elongate and pass through blood vessel walls into tissues

WBC function: wbc are attracted to infectionnsites, where thry phagotize bacteria and debri

Small cell fragments with a lifespam of 5-9 days

Production of platelets

Platelets for blood loss prevention: Seal small vessel holes

Platelets for blood loss prevention: Platelets promotes (1) and contraction to stop bleeding

Homeostatis for blood prevention: Immiediate constriction of the blood vessel reduces blood flow

Homeostatis for blood prevention: Platelets adhere to exposed collagen, activate, and aggregate, forming a plug

Homeostatis for blood prevention: Formation of a blood clot through a fribrin network that traps blood cells

Transfer of blood or blood components from one person to another to restore oxygen-carrying capacity after blood loss

Introduction of a fluid into the blood; used to prevent shock when blood volume drops

Marker molecules on rbc surface

Proteins in the plasma that bind specifically to antigens

Has A antigens and anti-B antibodies

Has B antigensn and anti-A antibodies

Has both A and B antigens, no antibodies

Has neither A nor B antigens, buth both anti-A and ANTI-B antibodies

Often reffered as "universal donor"

Based on the presence (Rh-positive) or absence (Rh-negative) of the D antigen on rbc

Start as dead-end tubes, collect excess interstitial fluid, forming lymp

Structure of lymphatic vessel: (1) fibrous connective tissue

Structure of lymphatic vessel: (1) smooth muscle

Structure of lymphatic vessel: (1) endothelium

Contain one-wat valves to prevent backflow and ensure forward lymp movement

Lymphatic movement: Peacemaker cells cause rhytmic contraction

Lymphatic movement: compression of vessels during movement drives lymph

Lymphatic movement: breathing creates pressure differences, aiding lymp flow

Filters lymph, removing pathogens before it returns to the blood

Drain lymph from major body region: Head & neck

Drain lymph from major body region: Upper limbs & thoracic wall

Drain lymph from major body region: Thoracic organs

Drain lymph from major body region: Abdominal organs

Drain lymph from major body region: Lower limbs and pelvic

Drains lypmh from right head, upper limb, and right thorax

Lymphatic organs: red bone marrow and thymus

Lymphatic organs: lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, lymphatic nodules

Refers to lymphocytes being capable of initiating an immune response after maturation

Lymphatic: Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus